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  • 1 имеющийся в настоящее время у

    Имеющийся в настоящее время у-- The transmission used with this engine will require a wider speed-ratio range than currently available from conventional transmissions.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > имеющийся в настоящее время у

  • 2 existente

    adj.
    existing, existent.
    m.
    existent item.
    * * *
    1 existing, existent
    2 COMERCIO in stock
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=que existe) existing, in existence

    la situación existente en este momento — the existing o present situation, the situation at the moment

    2) (Com) in stock
    * * *
    adjetivo <materiales/técnicas> existing

    la situación existente en la zona — ( en el presente) the present o current situation in the area; ( en el pasado) the situation in the area at the time

    * * *
    = available, existing, extant, in existence, existential.
    Ex. Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.
    Ex. UNIBID is an attempt to offer a standard record format for use by abstracting and indexing services, independent of any existing description or cataloguing rules.
    Ex. However, in addition to the couple of examples that Ms Marshall cited from the extant and altogether active LC subject thesaurus, there are also BUS BOYS, MAN, LUMBERMEN, LONGSHOREMEN, FISHERMEN, etc.
    Ex. There are very few examples of large scale, generally accessible, hypertexts in existence.
    Ex. Commentators who assert their views premised upon a unity of aims for SLIS not only fail to appreciate existential realities, they also distort perceptions about what is the best speed of curriculum evolution.
    ----
    * conducir o andar con cuidado debido a la dificultad existente = navigate.
    * inexistente = non-existent [nonexistent].
    * * *
    adjetivo <materiales/técnicas> existing

    la situación existente en la zona — ( en el presente) the present o current situation in the area; ( en el pasado) the situation in the area at the time

    * * *
    = available, existing, extant, in existence, existential.

    Ex: Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.

    Ex: UNIBID is an attempt to offer a standard record format for use by abstracting and indexing services, independent of any existing description or cataloguing rules.
    Ex: However, in addition to the couple of examples that Ms Marshall cited from the extant and altogether active LC subject thesaurus, there are also BUS BOYS, MAN, LUMBERMEN, LONGSHOREMEN, FISHERMEN, etc.
    Ex: There are very few examples of large scale, generally accessible, hypertexts in existence.
    Ex: Commentators who assert their views premised upon a unity of aims for SLIS not only fail to appreciate existential realities, they also distort perceptions about what is the best speed of curriculum evolution.
    * conducir o andar con cuidado debido a la dificultad existente = navigate.
    * inexistente = non-existent [nonexistent].

    * * *
    ‹materiales/técnicas› existing
    la situación existente en la zona (en el presente) the present o current situation in the area, the situation obtaining in the area ( frml) (en el pasado) the situation in the area at that time o at the time
    la situación existente en esos momentos lo hizo imposible the situation at that time made it impossible
    la legislación existente the current legislation
    * * *

    existente adjetivo existing: tenemos que elegir una de las teorías existentes, we have to choose one of the existing theories
    Com in stock: la cantidad existente de ese título es pequeña, we have a small quantity of that book in stock
    ' existente' also found in these entries:
    English:
    existent
    - existing
    - manage
    - out
    - existence
    * * *
    existing, existent;
    los programas informáticos existentes en el mercado the software currently available on the market;
    la falta de entendimiento existente entre ambos líderes the lack of understanding between the two leaders;
    los problemas existentes entonces aún no se han solucionado the problems that existed then have still not been resolved
    * * *
    adj
    1 existing
    2 problema, situación current, present
    * * *
    1) : existing, in existence
    2) : in stock
    * * *
    existente adj existing

    Spanish-English dictionary > existente

  • 3 momento

    m.
    1 moment (instante).
    a cada momento all the time
    al momento straightaway
    de un momento a otro any minute now
    de momento, por el momento for the time being o moment
    dentro de un momento in a moment o minute
    desde el momento (en) que… from the moment that…; (tiempo) seeing as… (causa)
    por momentos by the minute
    en todo momento at all times
    2 time.
    llegó un momento en que… there came a time when…
    has venido en buen/mal momento you've come at a good/bad time
    3 momentum, impulse.
    * * *
    1 moment
    ■ ¡espera un momento! hang on a moment!
    2 (período) time
    3 (oportunidad) time, moment
    \
    a cada momento every second, all the time
    al momento immediately
    de momento for the moment
    de un momento a otro any minute now
    del momento (en el pasado) of the time, of that time 2 (de ahora) current, present-day
    desde el momento en que... (en cuanto) from the moment..., as soon as...
    ■ desde el momento en que te vi... from the moment I saw you...
    en cualquier momento at any moment, at any time
    en este momento at the moment
    por el momento for the time being
    por momentos by the minute
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) time
    •
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=instante) moment

    -¡Juan, ven aquí! -¡un momento! — "come here, Juan" - "just a minute o moment!"

    • llegará en breves momentos — she'll be here shortly

    • en este momento — at the moment, right now

    • no dejó de apoyarme en ningún momento — she never stopped supporting me for a moment

    • en un primer momento — at first

    • estuvo a mi lado en todo momento — he was at my side the whole time

    • en un momento — in next to no time

    2) (=rato)
    3) (=época) time

    • del momento, la música más representativa del momento — the music which is most representative of current trends

    4) (=coyuntura)

    • ha llegado el momento de hacer algo — the time has come to do sth

    • en el momento oportuno — at the right time

    • ser buen/mal momento para hacer algo — to be a good/bad time to do sth

    • todo se hará en su momento — we'll do everything in good time o when the time comes

    5) [otras locuciones]

    • al momento — at once

    • a cada momento se despertaba y pedía agua — she kept waking up and asking for water, she was constantly waking up and asking for water

    • en cualquier momento — any time now

    • en un momento dado, en un momento dado, conseguí sujetarlo del brazo — at one stage I managed to grab hold of his arm

    en un momento dado, yo mismo puedo echarte una mano — I could give you a hand some time, if necessary

    • de momento — for the moment

    de momento no lo reconocí, pero luego recordé su cara — at first I didn't recognize him, but then I remembered his face

    • desde el momento en que, los impuestos, desde el momento en que son obligatorios, son una extorsión — since taxes are compulsory, they amount to extortion

    • en el momento — straight away

    • de un momento a otro — any minute now

    • en el momento menos pensado — when least expected

    • por momentos — by the minute

    • por el momento — for the time being, for now

    6) (Mec) momentum, moment
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( instante puntual) moment
    b) ( lapso breve) minute, moment

    un momentito! — ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute

    c) (época, período) time, period
    d) ( ocasión) time

    llegas en buen/mal momento — you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time

    en ningún momento — never, at no time

    e) ( tiempo presente) moment

    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment; de momento se va a quedar en mi casa she's going to stay with me for the time being; dejemos este asunto de momento let's forget this matter for the moment; desde el momento que (CS) since, as, seeing as (colloq); de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now; cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next; en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time; pueden llegar en cualquier momento they could arrive any time now o at any moment; en el momento immediately; en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it; en un momento dado at a given moment; si en un momento dado tu quisieras... if at any o some time you should want to...; por el momento for the time being; por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute; su estado empeoraba por momentos — her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next

    3) (Fís, Mec) momentum
    * * *
    = instant in time, point, time, moment.
    Ex. This should suffice to guarantee the integrity of the catalog at any given instant in time.
    Ex. The online catalog will then contain information about periodical issues from that point.
    Ex. Because reorganisation allows the optimization of update and searching procedures, it moves the maintenance to a time when it does not affect the operation of the system.
    Ex. There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    ----
    * alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.
    * al momento = while-you-wait [while-u-wait].
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * aprovechar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * atravesando momentos difíciles = beleaguered.
    * a último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * capturar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * del momento = of the time(s).
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * detenerse por un momento = pause.
    * de último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * de un momento a otro = momentarily, at any moment.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el momento preciso = the point in time at which.
    * el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en ningún momento = at no time, anywhere along the line.
    * en otro momento = some other time.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en su debido momento = in due time.
    * en su mejor momento = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en su momento = in timely fashion.
    * en su momento álgido = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en un determinado momento = at one point.
    * en un momento = in a time, in a flash.
    * en un momento concreto = at a particular point in time, at a particular point in time.
    * en un momento dado = at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.
    * en un momento de = at a time of, at one stage of.
    * en un momento de apuro = if it comes to the crunch.
    * en un momento de apuros = when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst.
    * en un momento de cabreo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enfado = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enojo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento determinado = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento en el que = at a time when.
    * en unos momentos = momentarily, at any moment.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * esperar su momento = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.
    * estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * hace un momento = a moment ago.
    * hace unos momentos = a few moments ago.
    * hasta aquel momento = until that time.
    * hasta el momento = as yet.
    * hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.
    * hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.
    * hasta ese momento = up to that point.
    * hasta este momento = up to this point.
    * justo en ese momento = just then.
    * llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegado este momento = at this juncture, at this point.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * lograr el momento de = reach + point of.
    * moda del momento = flavour of the month, sizzle.
    * momento álgido = climax.
    * momento apropiado para el aprendizaje, el = teachable moment, the.
    * momento clave = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento clave del cambio = tipping point.
    * momento crucial = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento decisivo = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento escogido = timing.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * momento oportuno = timing.
    * momentos = moments.
    * momentos álgidos = high.
    * momentos alocados = heady days.
    * momentos bajos = low.
    * momentos culminantes = highlights.
    * momentos de presión = the heat is on.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * momentos emocionantes = heady days.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento ad = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * salir un momento a = pop down to.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * un mejor momento = a better time.
    * un momento determinado = a frozen moment in time, a given moment in time.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( instante puntual) moment
    b) ( lapso breve) minute, moment

    un momentito! — ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute

    c) (época, período) time, period
    d) ( ocasión) time

    llegas en buen/mal momento — you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time

    en ningún momento — never, at no time

    e) ( tiempo presente) moment

    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment; de momento se va a quedar en mi casa she's going to stay with me for the time being; dejemos este asunto de momento let's forget this matter for the moment; desde el momento que (CS) since, as, seeing as (colloq); de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now; cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next; en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time; pueden llegar en cualquier momento they could arrive any time now o at any moment; en el momento immediately; en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it; en un momento dado at a given moment; si en un momento dado tu quisieras... if at any o some time you should want to...; por el momento for the time being; por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute; su estado empeoraba por momentos — her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next

    3) (Fís, Mec) momentum
    * * *
    = instant in time, point, time, moment.

    Ex: This should suffice to guarantee the integrity of the catalog at any given instant in time.

    Ex: The online catalog will then contain information about periodical issues from that point.
    Ex: Because reorganisation allows the optimization of update and searching procedures, it moves the maintenance to a time when it does not affect the operation of the system.
    Ex: There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    * alcanzar el momento cumbre = reach + summit.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento = peak.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + mejor momento demasiado pronto = peak + too early.
    * al momento = while-you-wait [while-u-wait].
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * aprovechar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * atravesando momentos difíciles = beleaguered.
    * a último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * capturar el momento = catch + the moment.
    * del momento = of the time(s).
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * detenerse por un momento = pause.
    * de último momento = last minute [last-minute].
    * de un momento a otro = momentarily, at any moment.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el momento preciso = the point in time at which.
    * el + Nombre + correcto al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento oportuno = the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * el sitio adecuado en el momento adecuado = the right place at the right time.
    * en algún momento = somewhere along the line, sometime, at sometime, at some point, at some point in time, at one time or another.
    * en aquel momento = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, at that time.
    * en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily.
    * en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.
    * en cualquier otro momento = some other time.
    * en diferentes momentos = at various times, at different times.
    * en distintos momentos = at different times, at various times.
    * en el mejor momento de Uno = at + Posesivo + (very) best.
    * en el momento = on the spot.
    * en el momento actual = in this day and age, at the present time.
    * en el momento adecuado = at the right time.
    * en el momento de = at the time (that/of).
    * en el momento de escribir estas líneas = at the time of writing.
    * en el momento de la impresión = at the time of going to print.
    * en el momento en que se necesita = at the point-of-need, at the point of use, point of use.
    * en el momento en que + Subjuntivo = the moment + Verbo.
    * en el momento justo = on cue.
    * en el momento más débil de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el momento oportuno = at the right time, not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * en el momento peor de Alguien = at + Posesivo + weakest.
    * en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.
    * en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.
    * en ese momento = at that point, at this point, at that time, just then, at that point in time.
    * en este momento = at this point, at this stage, at this juncture, at this time, at this moment in time, right now.
    * en ningún momento = at no time, anywhere along the line.
    * en otro momento = some other time.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en su debido momento = in due time.
    * en su mejor momento = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en su momento = in timely fashion.
    * en su momento álgido = at + Posesivo + peak.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en un determinado momento = at one point.
    * en un momento = in a time, in a flash.
    * en un momento concreto = at a particular point in time, at a particular point in time.
    * en un momento dado = at a given point in time, at any one time, at any given point, at one particular time, at any given time, at any given moment, at a given moment in time, at a given moment.
    * en un momento de = at a time of, at one stage of.
    * en un momento de apuro = if it comes to the crunch.
    * en un momento de apuros = when push comes to shove, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst.
    * en un momento de cabreo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enfado = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento de enojo = in the heat of the moment.
    * en un momento determinado = on any one occasion.
    * en un momento en el que = at a time when.
    * en unos momentos = momentarily, at any moment.
    * es el momento adecuado = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * es el momento oportuno = the moment is ripe, the time is ripe.
    * esperar su momento = wait in + the wings, stand in + the wings, lurk in + the wings.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el sitio justo en el momento preciso = be on the spot.
    * estar en un momento clave = be at a watershed.
    * estar en un momento decisivo = be at a watershed.
    * hace un momento = a moment ago.
    * hace unos momentos = a few moments ago.
    * hasta aquel momento = until that time.
    * hasta el momento = as yet.
    * hasta el momento de = up to the point of, to the point of.
    * hasta el momento que = up to the point where, to the point where.
    * hasta ese momento = up to that point.
    * hasta este momento = up to this point.
    * justo en ese momento = just then.
    * llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegado este momento = at this juncture, at this point.
    * llegar a un momento importante en + Posesivo + historia = reach + milestone.
    * llegar el momento en el que = reach + the point where.
    * lograr el momento de = reach + point of.
    * moda del momento = flavour of the month, sizzle.
    * momento álgido = climax.
    * momento apropiado para el aprendizaje, el = teachable moment, the.
    * momento clave = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento clave del cambio = tipping point.
    * momento crucial = turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento decisivo = watershed, turning point, Posesivo + road to Damascus.
    * momento escogido = timing.
    * momento + llegar = time + approach.
    * momento oportuno = timing.
    * momentos = moments.
    * momentos álgidos = high.
    * momentos alocados = heady days.
    * momentos bajos = low.
    * momentos culminantes = highlights.
    * momentos de presión = the heat is on.
    * momentos de tensión = the heat is on.
    * momentos emocionantes = heady days.
    * no estar en el mejor momento de Uno = be past + Posesivo + best.
    * pensar un momento en = spare + a thought for.
    * por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.
    * por un momento = for a moment.
    * por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.
    * proporcionar el + Nombre + adecuado al + Nombre + adecuado en el momento ad = provide + the right + Nombre + to the right + Nombre + at the right time.
    * salir un momento a = pop down to.
    * ser el momento clave = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento (de) = be the time to.
    * ser el momento decisivo = mark + the watershed.
    * ser el momento de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.
    * un mejor momento = a better time.
    * un momento determinado = a frozen moment in time, a given moment in time.

    * * *
    A
    justo en ese momento sonó el teléfono just at that moment the telephone rang
    ¿tiene que ser en este preciso momento? does it have to be right this minute o right now?
    me ayudó en todo momento he helped me at all times
    a partir de ese momento from that moment on
    en este momento no está she's not in right now o at the moment
    en este momento acaba de irse she's just this minute left
    en un primer momento pensé que era mentira at first I thought it was a lie
    2 (lapso breve) minute, moment
    empieza dentro de un momento it starts in a minute o moment
    eso te lo arreglo yo en un momento I'll fix that for you in no time at all
    ¡un momentito! (por teléfono) just a moment o just a minute
    miraba el reloj a cada momento she kept looking at her watch every two minutes
    no para ni un momento she's on the go the whole time
    3 (época, período) time, period
    el país atraviesa momentos difíciles the country is going through a difficult time o period
    el momento de mayor esplendor de nuestras letras the most brilliant time o period in our literary history
    está en su mejor momento he is at his peak
    4 (ocasión) time
    llegas en buen/mal momento you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time
    no es momento ahora para hablar de eso this isn't the time to talk about that
    cuando llegue el momento when the time comes
    en ningún momento he dicho que … I have never said that …, at no time have I said that …
    éste no es momento para ponerse a discutir this is no time to start arguing
    la moda del momento the fashion of the moment
    los temas más importantes del momento político español the most important issues in contemporary Spanish politics
    B ( en locs):
    al momento at once
    cuando te llame quiero que vengas al momento when I call you I want you to come at once
    de momento: de momento se siente bien she feels all right at the moment
    de momento no tiene más remedio que aceptar for the moment he has no alternative but to accept
    de momento se va a quedar en casa con nosotros she's going to stay at home with us for the time being
    desde el momento que (CS); since, as, seeing as ( colloq)
    desde el momento que ni siquiera me contestó la carta since o as o seeing as he didn't even answer my letter
    de un momento al otro: están por llegar de un momento al otro they'll be arriving any minute now
    cambia de opinión de un momento al otro she changes her mind from one minute to the next
    en cualquier momento: puedes llamar en cualquier momento you can call at any time
    en cualquier momento viene y nos dice que se casa any day now he'll come and tell us he's getting married
    en el momento immediately
    me los arreglaron en el momento they repaired them for me immediately o there and then o on the spot
    en el momento menos pensado when they/you/we least expect it
    en un momento dado: la velocidad del vehículo en un momento dado the speed of the vehicle at a given moment
    si en un momento dado tu quisieras … if at any o some time you should want to …, if you should ever want to …
    por el momento: por el momento voy a ir a vivir con mi hermano for the time being I'm going to stay with my brother
    ¿necesitas dinero? — por el momento no do you need any money — not just now o no, for the time being I'm OK
    por el momento te vas a tener que conformar you'll have to make do for now o for the moment
    por momentos: el frío aumenta por momentos it's getting colder by the minute
    su estado empeoraba por momentos her condition was deteriorating from one minute to the next
    C ( Fís, Mec) momentum
    Compuesto:
    moment of inertia
    * * *

     

    momento sustantivo masculino
    1


    a partir de ese momento from that moment on;
    en todo momento at all times

    ◊ dentro de un momento in a minute o moment;

    ¡un momentito! ( por teléfono) just a moment, just a minute;
    eso te lo arreglo en un momento I'll fix that for you in no time at all
    c) (época, período) time, period;

    ◊ atravesamos momentos difíciles we're going through a difficult time o period;

    está en su mejor momento he is at his peak
    d) ( ocasión) time;

    ◊ llegas en buen/mal momento you've arrived at the right time/at a bad time;

    en ningún momento at no time
    2 ( en locs)

    de momento ( ahora mismo) right now;

    ( mientras tanto) for the time being;
    ( por ahora) for the moment;

    en cualquier momento at any time;
    en el momento immediately;
    en el momento menos pensado when they (o you etc) least expect it;
    por el momento for the time being
    3 (Fís, Mec) momentum
    momento sustantivo masculino
    1 (instante) moment
    vivir el momento, to live for the moment
    2 (periodo) time: hablamos un momento, we talked for a minute
    un momento de la historia, a moment in history
    3 (ocasión) no encuentro el momento adecuado, I can't find the right moment
    ya llegará tu momento, you'll have your chance
    ♦ Locuciones: al momento, at once
    de momento/por el momento, for the time being
    de un momento a otro, at any moment
    en un momento dado, at a given moment
    por momentos, by the minute
    ' momento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahora
    - asomarse
    - callar
    - coger
    - compadre
    - consolidar
    - consolidarse
    - cualquier
    - culminante
    - dada
    - dado
    - derramamiento
    - descansar
    - designar
    - destiempo
    - determinada
    - determinado
    - día
    - encontrar
    - esperar
    - estopa
    - europeísta
    - fecha
    - golpe
    - hacer
    - hora
    - indicada
    - indicado
    - inicial
    - justa
    - justo
    - llegar
    - mal
    - ninguna
    - ninguno
    - oportuna
    - oportuno
    - parar
    - pasarse
    - pensar
    - por
    - precisa
    - preciso
    - relax
    - sostener
    - tigre
    - a
    - acercar
    - actualmente
    - adecuado
    English:
    afterthought
    - all
    - appropriate
    - awkward
    - bear with
    - begrudge
    - bonded warehouse
    - cliff-hanger
    - cue
    - dicey
    - due
    - eleventh
    - evil
    - far
    - for
    - forget
    - hiatus
    - hitherto
    - hot news
    - in
    - inconvenient
    - inopportune
    - instant
    - jiffy
    - just
    - lucky
    - minute
    - moment
    - momentarily
    - momentum
    - move on
    - nutty
    - occasion
    - opportune
    - optimal
    - point
    - pop in
    - pop out
    - pop over
    - pop up
    - proud
    - quick
    - raincheck
    - relax
    - religion
    - right
    - ripe
    - slip down
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    * * *
    1. [instante preciso] moment;
    a partir de este momento from this moment (on);
    desde el momento (en) que… [indica tiempo] from the moment that…;
    [indica causa] seeing as o that…;
    desde ese momento from that moment on, since that moment;
    hasta ese momento until that moment, until then;
    llegará en cualquier momento she'll be arriving any moment now;
    justo en ese momento entró mi padre at that very moment o right then, my father came in;
    en ese momento vivía en Perú I was living in Peru at that time;
    en este momento está reunida she's in a meeting at the moment;
    en el momento menos pensado te puede ocurrir un accidente accidents can happen when you least expect them;
    en todo momento at all times;
    en/hasta el último momento at/right up until the last moment;
    nos permite calcular la temperatura en un momento dado it enables us to calculate the temperature at any given moment;
    si en un momento dado necesitas ayuda, llámame if at any time you need my help, call me;
    momento decisivo turning point;
    el momento de la verdad the moment of truth;
    la situación podría cambiar de un momento a otro the situation could change any minute now o at any moment;
    era difícil predecir lo que iba a pasar de un momento a otro it was hard to predict what was going to happen from one moment to the next
    2. [rato corto] moment, minute;
    ¿puedo hablar un momento contigo? could I speak to you for a moment o minute?;
    sólo será un momento I'll only o I won't be a minute;
    dentro de un momento in a moment o minute;
    le arreglamos sus zapatos en el momento [en letrero] shoes mended while you wait;
    estará preparado en un momento it'll be ready in a moment o minute;
    también Fig
    espera un momento hold on a minute;
    hace un momento a moment ago;
    momentos después moments later;
    sin dudarlo un momento without a moment's hesitation;
    ¡un momento! just a minute!
    3. [periodo] time;
    llegó un momento en que… there came a time when…;
    estamos pasando un mal momento we're going through a difficult spell o Br patch at the moment;
    está en un buen momento (de forma) she's in good form at the moment;
    las reformas fueron rechazadas por los políticos del momento the reforms were rejected by the politicians of the day;
    es el artista del momento he's the artist of the moment;
    en un primer momento initially, at first;
    la película tiene sus (buenos) momentos the movie has its moments
    4. [ocasión] time;
    cuando llegue el momento when the time comes;
    si en algún momento te sientes solo if you ever feel lonely, if at any time you should feel lonely;
    has venido en buen/mal momento you've come at a good/bad time;
    en momentos así at times like this;
    en ningún momento pensé que lo haría at no time did I think that she would do it, I never thought she would do it
    5. Fís moment
    momento angular angular momentum;
    momento de inercia moment of inertia;
    momento lineal momentum;
    6. [en frases]
    a cada momento all the time;
    al momento [inmediatamente] straightaway;
    Am [hasta ahora] at the moment, so far;
    quiere todo lo que pide al momento she expects to get whatever she asks for straightaway;
    Am
    al momento se cuentan 38 muertos at the moment the number of deaths stands at 38, the number of deaths so far stands at 38;
    ¿quieres café? – de momento no do you want some coffee? – not just now o not at the moment;
    te puedes quedar de momento you can stay for now o for the time being;
    de momento estoy de acuerdo contigo for the moment, I'll agree with you;
    por el momento for the time being, for the moment;
    por momentos by the minute;
    me estoy poniendo nerviosa por momentos I'm getting more and more nervous by the minute
    * * *
    m moment;
    a cada momento all the time;
    al momento at once;
    por el momento, de momento for the moment;
    hasta el momento up to now, so far;
    de un momento a otro from one minute to the next;
    desde un primer momento right from the beginning;
    por momentos by the minute;
    no es el momento the time isn’t right;
    atravesar un mal momento, pasar por un momento difícil go through a bad patch;
    estar en su mejor momento be at one’s peak o best
    * * *
    1) : moment, instant
    espera un momentito: wait just a moment
    2) : time, period of time
    momentos difíciles: hard times
    3) : present, moment
    los atletas del momento: the athletes of the moment, today's popular athletes
    4) : momentum
    5)
    al momento : right away, at once
    6)
    de momento : at the moment, for the moment
    7)
    de un momento a otro : any time now
    8)
    por momentos : at times
    * * *
    1. (en general) moment
    ¡espera un momento! hold on a moment!
    2. (período, ocasión) time
    cuando llegue el momento, se lo diré I'll tell him when the time comes
    de momento / por el momento for the moment

    Spanish-English dictionary > momento

  • 4 отбирать

    Отбирать - to choose, to select, to cull; to single out (выбрать для определенной цели); to screen (лучшее, например, в ходе отборочных испытаний)
     The objective was to select the most favorable formulations from each of these four categories for combustor testing.
     The Department of Energy has elected to screen candidate materials in a low-Btu coal gas combustion stream.
     The results for B = 3.6 are the most demonstrative and are, therefore, singled out for discussion.
    Отбирать из-- The technique used, culled from several industrial infrared devices currently available, had a spot size resolution of about 0.1 mm.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > отбирать

  • 5 имеющийся в продаже в настоящее время

    Имеющийся в продаже в настоящее время-- The structure can be fabricated from virtually any of the high-temperature wrought alloys currently available commercially.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > имеющийся в продаже в настоящее время

  • 6 технологичность

    streamlined; the use of (currently) available technologies (techniques, processes)/ ease of processing/manufacturing

    Технологичность — совокупность технических свойств объемно-конструктивных решений строительных объектов, характеризующих их соответствие требованиям технологии строительного производства и эксплуатации. К показателям, определяющим уровень Т., относятся: разнотипность, разновесность, масса, разрезка, конфигурация и др. Эти показатели могут быть выражены аналитически через стоимость, материалоемкость, трудоемкость, продолжительность возведения здания или сооружения и др. Количественные абсолютные и относительные характеристики. Качественные показатели Т. - лучше, хуже, удобнее и т.п. Определяют экспертными методами.

    Технологичность продукции — приспособленность продукции к изготовлению применительно к освоенным технологическим процессам и оборудованию.

    Технологичность сбора налогов — technical problems/aspects of tax collection

    К примеру, это технологичность «Сони», которая позволяет компании постоянно модифицировать предлагаемые товары и тем самым расширять потенциальный рынок продаж. — … technological flexibility…

    Основным преимуществом паркетной доски является технологичность ее укладки – высокая скорость укладки без применения специального инструмента, без излишнего шума и строительного мусора, также не обязательна высокая квалификация рабочих.

    Зачастую при разработке и принятии налоговых законов или глав Налогового кодекса совершенно не принимается во внимание такое понятие, как технологичность сбора налогов и контроль за их поступлением.

    Простота конструкции, высокая технологичность изделий, предлагаемых к внедрению, обеспечивают низкий уровень затрат при подготовке производства для их выпуска и не требуют специального технологического оборудования при их производстве.

    2) использование при производстве тех или иных товаров передовых, высоких или просто необычных для данной сферы технологий.

    Спортсмены выбирают технологичность (о приобретении спортивной обуви.) — high-tech, technical innovations.

    Белье XXI века: акцент на технологичность. Но не без изыска.

    3) перен.

    Мы в этом вопросе все сделали очень грамотно, технологично. (Речь шла о хитром использовании правил процедуры) — What we did was smart and procedurally correct или We acted smartly from a procedural standpoint.

    Жесткая технологичность театра «вербатим» оказалась единственно адекватным инструментом для отражения не менее жесткой технологичности телевидения – не в смысле беллетризованной публицистики или производственного натурализма (a la «Аэропорт» Хейли), а с точки зрения создания новой художественной реальности. ("Русский журнал") (жесткая технологичность здесь может переводится как technique/the process is all-important.)

    Русско-английский словарь общей лексики > технологичность

  • 7 skills shortage

    HR
    a shortfall in the number of workers with the skills needed to fill the jobs currently available. A skills shortage may be caused by a lack of education and vocational training, or by wider social and economic factors such as new technological developments. A skills shortage may affect a region, an industry, or a whole country. Skills shortages of this type need to be addressed at national level through effective manpower planning and the development of strategies for adult education and vocational training. An organization may suffer from a skills shortage as a result of poor recruitment and employee retention policies, or through inadequate provision of training and employee development opportunities.

    The ultimate business dictionary > skills shortage

  • 8 bp

    1. протокол мостового соединения
    2. полосовой фильтр
    3. побочный продукт ВРСТСА
    4. патент Великобритании
    5. основной ориентир
    6. обходной канал
    7. обратное распространение (обратная передача) ошибки обучения [нейронной сети]
    8. обводная труба
    9. наилучшая практически достижимая технология управления или контроля
    10. давление в котле
    11. барометрическое давление

     

    барометрическое давление
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    EN

     

    давление в котле
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    EN

     

    обводная труба
    обводной трубопровод
    Трубопровод для обвода всей или части среды данной поверхности или нескольких поверхностей нагрева
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    обратное распространение (обратная передача) ошибки обучения [нейронной сети]
    обратная связь (при [само]обучении нейронной сети)
    [ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    обходной канал
    перепускной канал
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

     

    основной ориентир
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    патент Великобритании
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    побочный продукт ВРСТСА
    —
    [А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    полосовой фильтр
    Ндп. фильтр полосового типа
    Электрический частотный фильтр, имеющий полосу пропускания, расположенную между двумя частотами среза
    [ ГОСТ 24375-80]

    полосовой фильтр
    Фильтр, пропускающий сигналы с частотами, лежащими в пределах между нижней и верхней граничными частотами, и задерживающий остальные сигналы
    [Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]

    полосовой фильтр
    -
    [IEV number 151-13-58]

    EN

    band-pass filter
    filter having a single pass-band with specified cut-off frequencies different from zero or infinite
    [IEV number 151-13-58]

    FR

    filtre passe-bande, m
    filtre dont l'unique bande passante est limitée par deux fréquences de coupure spécifiées, finies et non nulles
    [IEV number 151-13-58]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    5453

    Band pass filter
    The output only transmits the 50 Hz component of the input signals.
    All other frequencies (above and below 50 Hz) are attenuated.
    [Schneider Electric]

    Полосовой фильтр
    На выход элемента передаются только входные сигналы частотой 50 Гц.
    Все частоты выше и ниже 50 Гц подавляются.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

     

    протокол мостового соединения
    (МСЭ-T G.8010/ Y.1306).
    [ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

    Тематики

    • электросвязь, основные понятия

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bp

  • 9 surgir

    v.
    1 to happen, to turn up, to come up, to occur.
    Algo surgió ayer Something happened yesterday.
    2 to rise, to stand out, to advance, to excel.
    Surgimos después de la quiebra We rose after the bankruptcy.
    3 to appear, to emerge, to arise, to bob up.
    Surgió un animal en la oscuridad An animal appeared in the darkness.
    4 to happen unexpectedly to, to happen to.
    Nos surgió algo bueno ayer Something good happened to us yesterday.
    5 to spurt, to spout, to spring up, to issue forth.
    El agua surge del manantial The water spurts from the spring.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ DIRIGIR], like link=dirigir dirigir
    1 (agua) to spring forth, spurt up
    2 figurado (aparecer - gen) to appear, emerge; (- dificultades) to crop up, arise, come up
    3 MARÍTIMO to anchor
    * * *
    verb
    to arise, emerge
    * * *
    VI
    1) (=aparecer) [gen] to arise, emerge, appear; [líquido] to spout, spout out, spurt; [barco] [en la niebla] to loom up; [persona] to appear unexpectedly
    2) [dificultad] to arise, come up, crop up
    3) (Náut) to anchor
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) manantial to rise
    b) (aparecer, salir) problema/dificultad to arise, come up, emerge; interés/sentimiento to develop, emerge; idea to emerge, come up; tema to come up, crop up; movimiento/partido to come into being, arise

    surgir DE algo: una silueta surgió de entre las sombras — a shape rose up from o loomed up out of the shadows

    * * *
    = arise, become + available, come into + being, crop up, emerge, rise, pop up, come into + existence, burgeon, surface, grow up, dawn, spring, come through, come up, come with, break out, burst forth, source, pop, set in.
    Ex. The place of publication may also warn of biases in approach or differences in terminology that arise in the text.
    Ex. Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.
    Ex. I think it would be useful to take just a few minutes to talk about how our institutions come into being.
    Ex. Although same problems with software applications, hardware and user training programmes had cropped up periodically, on balance, users are reasonably pleased with their acquisitions.
    Ex. In 1961 an International Conference on Cataloguing Principles was held in Paris, and a statement of principles emerged, which became known as the Paris Principles.
    Ex. The public library has two choices: to follow the dodo or to rise again like the phoenix.
    Ex. It can pop up in one form one week and in another form another week.
    Ex. Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.
    Ex. The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.
    Ex. Power struggles are surfacing at major academic institutions across the USA.
    Ex. In the 1920s and 30s factory libraries grew up in all types of industries, particularly textile industries, but their size and quality varied.
    Ex. However, because of the long duration of feudal society, modern civilization, including modern libraries, dawned in China later than in the industrialized Western countries.
    Ex. My point is that all literature, every example we can think of, depends for its existence on the tradition out of which it springs -- even the most avant of the avant-garde.
    Ex. More sophisticated accreditation systems are coming through, but these are currently relatively little used in these areas, and are more common in ecommerce applications.
    Ex. She outlined the tasks she had been assigned and mentioned that if any emergencies came up she was the person to bring them to.
    Ex. The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex. Loud, unscripted quarrels between unshaven peasants break out in odd corners of the auditorium and add to the liveliness.
    Ex. It seems the passions of the people were only sleeping and burst forth with a terrible fury.
    Ex. What this has meant is that in the 20th century, ideas are being sourced from all over the globe; and at the speed oflight, so to speak.
    Ex. The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.
    Ex. Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.
    ----
    * cuando le surja la necesidad = at + Posesivo + time of need.
    * cuestión + surgir = issue + surface.
    * dificultad + surgir = difficulty + arise.
    * emergencia + surgir = emergency + arise.
    * idea + surgir = idea + come up.
    * oportunidad + surgir = opportunity + arise.
    * peligro + surgir = danger + arise.
    * prejuicio + surgir = prejudice + arise.
    * problema + surgir = problem + arise, problem + surface, problem + come with.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * situación + surgir = situation + arise.
    * surgiendo de nuevas = on the rebound.
    * surgir amenazadoramente = rear + its head.
    * surgir de = arise out of, be rooted in, develop out of, emanate from, grow out of, stem from, spin off, come out of, spring off from, be born of.
    * surgir de nuevo = re-arise.
    * surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.
    * surgir la circunstancia = circumstance + arise.
    * surgir malentendidos = arise + misunderstandings.
    * surgir sospechas = arise + suspicion.
    * surgir una complicación = arise + complication.
    * surgir una cuestión = issue + arise, arise + question.
    * surgir una dificultad = arise + difficulty.
    * surgir una necesidad = need + arise.
    * surgir una ocasión = occasion + arise.
    * surgir un defecto = arise + fault.
    * surgir un problema de credibilidad = credibility gap + arise.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) manantial to rise
    b) (aparecer, salir) problema/dificultad to arise, come up, emerge; interés/sentimiento to develop, emerge; idea to emerge, come up; tema to come up, crop up; movimiento/partido to come into being, arise

    surgir DE algo: una silueta surgió de entre las sombras — a shape rose up from o loomed up out of the shadows

    * * *
    = arise, become + available, come into + being, crop up, emerge, rise, pop up, come into + existence, burgeon, surface, grow up, dawn, spring, come through, come up, come with, break out, burst forth, source, pop, set in.

    Ex: The place of publication may also warn of biases in approach or differences in terminology that arise in the text.

    Ex: Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.
    Ex: I think it would be useful to take just a few minutes to talk about how our institutions come into being.
    Ex: Although same problems with software applications, hardware and user training programmes had cropped up periodically, on balance, users are reasonably pleased with their acquisitions.
    Ex: In 1961 an International Conference on Cataloguing Principles was held in Paris, and a statement of principles emerged, which became known as the Paris Principles.
    Ex: The public library has two choices: to follow the dodo or to rise again like the phoenix.
    Ex: It can pop up in one form one week and in another form another week.
    Ex: Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.
    Ex: The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.
    Ex: Power struggles are surfacing at major academic institutions across the USA.
    Ex: In the 1920s and 30s factory libraries grew up in all types of industries, particularly textile industries, but their size and quality varied.
    Ex: However, because of the long duration of feudal society, modern civilization, including modern libraries, dawned in China later than in the industrialized Western countries.
    Ex: My point is that all literature, every example we can think of, depends for its existence on the tradition out of which it springs -- even the most avant of the avant-garde.
    Ex: More sophisticated accreditation systems are coming through, but these are currently relatively little used in these areas, and are more common in ecommerce applications.
    Ex: She outlined the tasks she had been assigned and mentioned that if any emergencies came up she was the person to bring them to.
    Ex: The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex: Loud, unscripted quarrels between unshaven peasants break out in odd corners of the auditorium and add to the liveliness.
    Ex: It seems the passions of the people were only sleeping and burst forth with a terrible fury.
    Ex: What this has meant is that in the 20th century, ideas are being sourced from all over the globe; and at the speed oflight, so to speak.
    Ex: The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.
    Ex: Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.
    * cuando le surja la necesidad = at + Posesivo + time of need.
    * cuestión + surgir = issue + surface.
    * dificultad + surgir = difficulty + arise.
    * emergencia + surgir = emergency + arise.
    * idea + surgir = idea + come up.
    * oportunidad + surgir = opportunity + arise.
    * peligro + surgir = danger + arise.
    * prejuicio + surgir = prejudice + arise.
    * problema + surgir = problem + arise, problem + surface, problem + come with.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * situación + surgir = situation + arise.
    * surgiendo de nuevas = on the rebound.
    * surgir amenazadoramente = rear + its head.
    * surgir de = arise out of, be rooted in, develop out of, emanate from, grow out of, stem from, spin off, come out of, spring off from, be born of.
    * surgir de nuevo = re-arise.
    * surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.
    * surgir la circunstancia = circumstance + arise.
    * surgir malentendidos = arise + misunderstandings.
    * surgir sospechas = arise + suspicion.
    * surgir una complicación = arise + complication.
    * surgir una cuestión = issue + arise, arise + question.
    * surgir una dificultad = arise + difficulty.
    * surgir una necesidad = need + arise.
    * surgir una ocasión = occasion + arise.
    * surgir un defecto = arise + fault.
    * surgir un problema de credibilidad = credibility gap + arise.

    * * *
    surgir [I7 ]
    vi
    1 «manantial» to rise
    un chorro surgía de entre las rocas water gushed from o spouted out from between the rocks
    2 (aparecer, salir) «problema/dificultad» to arise, come up, emerge; «interés/sentimiento» to develop, emerge; «idea» to emerge, come up
    han surgido impedimentos de última hora some last-minute problems have come up o arisen
    ¿y cómo surgió ese tema? and how did that subject come up o crop up?
    el amor que surgió entre ellos the love that sprang up between them
    surgir DE algo:
    una silueta surgió de entre las sombras a shape rose up from o loomed up out of the shadows
    de la familia han surgido muchos músicos the family has produced many musicians
    han surgido muchas empresas de este tipo a lot of companies of this kind have sprung up o emerged
    el movimiento surgió como respuesta a esta injusticia the movement came into being as a response to o arose in response to this injustice
    3 (desprenderse, deducirse) surgir DE algo:
    del informe surge que … the report shows that …
    ¿qué surge de todo esto? what can be deduced from all this?
    * * *

     

    surgir ( conjugate surgir) verbo intransitivo [ manantial] to rise;
    [problema/dificultad] to arise, come up, emerge;
    [interés/sentimiento] to develop, emerge;
    [ idea] to emerge, come up;
    [ tema] to come up, crop up;
    [movimiento/partido] to come into being, arise
    surgir verbo intransitivo
    1 (sobrevenir, aparecer) to arise, come up: surgió un imprevisto, something cropped up o came up
    una extraña figura surgió de la oscuridad, a strange shape loomed up out of the darkness
    2 (manar) to rise, spout out, spring forth
    ' surgir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    brotar
    - plantearse
    - salir
    - venir
    - nacer
    English:
    arise
    - come up
    - crop up
    - emerge
    - spring up
    - come
    - crop
    - develop
    - grow
    - spring
    * * *
    surgir vi
    1. [brotar] to emerge, to spring;
    un manantial surgía entre las rocas a spring emerged among the rocks, water sprang from among the rocks
    2. [aparecer] to appear;
    surgió de detrás de las cortinas he emerged from behind the curtains;
    el rascacielos surgía entre los edificios del centro the skyscraper rose o towered above the buildings Br in the city centre o US downtown
    3. [producirse] to arise;
    se lo preguntaré si surge la ocasión I'll ask her if the opportunity arises;
    la idea surgió cuando… the idea occurred to him/her/ etc when…;
    nos surgieron varios problemas we ran into a number of problems;
    me han surgido varias dudas I have a number of queries;
    nos ha surgido una dificultad de última hora a last-minute difficulty has arisen o come up;
    están surgiendo nuevos destinos turísticos new tourist destinations are emerging o appearing;
    un banco surgido como resultado de la fusión de otros dos a bank that came into being o emerged as a result of the merger of two other banks;
    un movimiento surgido tras la guerra a movement which emerged after the war
    * * *
    v/i
    1 fig
    emerge; de problema tb come up
    2 de agua spout
    * * *
    surgir {35} vi
    : to rise, to arise, to emerge
    * * *
    surgir vb to come up [pt. came; pp. come] / to arise [pt. arose; pp. arisen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > surgir

  • 10 aparecer

    v.
    1 to appear (ante la vista).
    su número de teléfono no aparece en la guía her phone number isn't (listed) in the phone book
    Ricardo aparece al final siempre Richard appears at the end always.
    2 to turn up (algo perdido).
    ¿ya ha aparecido el perro? has the dog been found yet?
    3 to appear (person).
    4 to appear to, to appear in front of.
    Se me apareció una persona A person appeared to me.
    Me apareció un fantasma A ghost appeared to me.
    5 to encounter.
    Se nos apareció un problema We encountered a problem.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer
    1 to appear
    2 (dejarse ver) to show up, turn up
    3 (en el mercado) to come out (en, onto)
    1 to appear
    * * *
    verb
    1) to appear, turn up
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=presentarse) to appear, turn up *

    apareció en casa sin avisar — he appeared o turned up * at the house without warning

    2) [algo oculto] to appear, turn up *
    3) [algo perdido] to reappear, turn up *
    4) (=surgir) to appear
    5) (=editarse) [libro, disco] to come out
    6) (=figurar) [dato, nombre] to appear

    mi nombre no aparece en el censo electoral — my name does not appear on the electoral register, my name is not on the electoral register

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) síntoma/mancha to appear
    b) objeto perdido to turn up
    c) ( en documento) to appear
    d) revista to come out; libro to come out, be published
    a) (fam) ( llegar) to appear, turn up
    b) (fam) ( dejarse ver) to appear, show up (colloq)
    c) (en película, televisión) to appear
    3) (liter) ( parecer) to seem
    2.
    aparecerse v pron
    a) fantasma/aparición
    b) (AmL fam) persona to turn up

    no te vuelvas a aparecer por aquí! — don't you dare show your face round here again!

    * * *
    = appear, become + available, come into + being, feature, give, occur, rise, pop up, show up, come into + existence, burgeon, surface, dawn, come through, come up, come with, come on the + scene, set in, crop up.
    Ex. The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.
    Ex. Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.
    Ex. I think it would be useful to take just a few minutes to talk about how our institutions come into being.
    Ex. If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
    Ex. The public library has two choices: to follow the dodo or to rise again like the phoenix.
    Ex. It can pop up in one form one week and in another form another week.
    Ex. Problems of community service seem to show up more clearly in the countryside.
    Ex. Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.
    Ex. The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.
    Ex. Power struggles are surfacing at major academic institutions across the USA.
    Ex. However, because of the long duration of feudal society, modern civilization, including modern libraries, dawned in China later than in the industrialized Western countries.
    Ex. More sophisticated accreditation systems are coming through, but these are currently relatively little used in these areas, and are more common in ecommerce applications.
    Ex. She outlined the tasks she had been assigned and mentioned that if any emergencies came up she was the person to bring them to.
    Ex. The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex. This is the first CD price cut since the media format came on the scene in the 1980's.
    Ex. Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.
    Ex. Although same problems with software applications, hardware and user training programmes had cropped up periodically, on balance, users are reasonably pleased with their acquisitions.
    ----
    * aparece frecuentemente en = in evidence in.
    * aparecer amenazadoramente = rear + its head.
    * aparecer aquí y allá en = intersperse.
    * aparecer en abundancia = come out of + the woodwork.
    * aparecer en escena = hit + the scene.
    * aparecer en gran número = pour (in/into).
    * aparecer en la lejanía = loom.
    * aparecer impreso = appear + in print.
    * aparecer juntos = stand + together.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * aparecer por sí solo = stand on + Posesivo + own.
    * aparecer repentinamente = spring up.
    * aparecerse la virgen = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet, strike + lucky, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * aparecer solo = stand + alone.
    * aparecer tarde = be a late arrival on the scene, be late on the scene.
    * aparecer y desaparecer = come and go.
    * hacer aparecer = cause + display of.
    * idea + aparecer = idea + surface.
    * los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].
    * no aparecer = be not included.
    * principio de archívese según aparece = file-as-is principle.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).
    * volver a aparecer = resurface.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1)
    a) síntoma/mancha to appear
    b) objeto perdido to turn up
    c) ( en documento) to appear
    d) revista to come out; libro to come out, be published
    a) (fam) ( llegar) to appear, turn up
    b) (fam) ( dejarse ver) to appear, show up (colloq)
    c) (en película, televisión) to appear
    3) (liter) ( parecer) to seem
    2.
    aparecerse v pron
    a) fantasma/aparición
    b) (AmL fam) persona to turn up

    no te vuelvas a aparecer por aquí! — don't you dare show your face round here again!

    * * *
    = appear, become + available, come into + being, feature, give, occur, rise, pop up, show up, come into + existence, burgeon, surface, dawn, come through, come up, come with, come on the + scene, set in, crop up.

    Ex: The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.

    Ex: Mini and micro computers will become cheaper and information retrieval software will become available in more financially attractive, user friendly and tried and tested packages.
    Ex: I think it would be useful to take just a few minutes to talk about how our institutions come into being.
    Ex: If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.
    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex: In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
    Ex: The public library has two choices: to follow the dodo or to rise again like the phoenix.
    Ex: It can pop up in one form one week and in another form another week.
    Ex: Problems of community service seem to show up more clearly in the countryside.
    Ex: Some university libraries have been built up over the centuries; others have come into existence over the last 40 years.
    Ex: The other principal omission from UNESCO's 1950 listing was report literature -- a field of published record which has burgeoned in the last thirty years = La otra omisión principal de la lista de 1950 de la UNESCO fueron los informes, un área que se ha desarrollado en los últimos treinta años.
    Ex: Power struggles are surfacing at major academic institutions across the USA.
    Ex: However, because of the long duration of feudal society, modern civilization, including modern libraries, dawned in China later than in the industrialized Western countries.
    Ex: More sophisticated accreditation systems are coming through, but these are currently relatively little used in these areas, and are more common in ecommerce applications.
    Ex: She outlined the tasks she had been assigned and mentioned that if any emergencies came up she was the person to bring them to.
    Ex: The problem comes with ideographic languages.
    Ex: This is the first CD price cut since the media format came on the scene in the 1980's.
    Ex: Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.
    Ex: Although same problems with software applications, hardware and user training programmes had cropped up periodically, on balance, users are reasonably pleased with their acquisitions.
    * aparece frecuentemente en = in evidence in.
    * aparecer amenazadoramente = rear + its head.
    * aparecer aquí y allá en = intersperse.
    * aparecer en abundancia = come out of + the woodwork.
    * aparecer en escena = hit + the scene.
    * aparecer en gran número = pour (in/into).
    * aparecer en la lejanía = loom.
    * aparecer impreso = appear + in print.
    * aparecer juntos = stand + together.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * aparecer por sí solo = stand on + Posesivo + own.
    * aparecer repentinamente = spring up.
    * aparecerse la virgen = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet, strike + lucky, strike + gold, hit + the jackpot.
    * aparecer solo = stand + alone.
    * aparecer tarde = be a late arrival on the scene, be late on the scene.
    * aparecer y desaparecer = come and go.
    * hacer aparecer = cause + display of.
    * idea + aparecer = idea + surface.
    * los otros con los que aparece(n) = neighbours [neighbors, -USA].
    * no aparecer = be not included.
    * principio de archívese según aparece = file-as-is principle.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * tal y como aparece = as it/they stand(s).
    * volver a aparecer = resurface.

    * * *
    aparecer [E3 ]
    vi
    A
    1 «síntoma/mancha» to appear
    los carteles han aparecido en diversos puntos de la ciudad the posters have appeared in various parts of the city
    los tesoros arqueológicos que han ido apareciendo durante la excavación the archaeological treasures which have appeared o turned up during the dig
    2 «objeto perdido» to turn up
    ¿aparecieron tus llaves? have your keys turned up yet?
    hizo aparecer un ramo de flores he produced a bouquet of flowers
    3 (en un documento) to appear
    mi nombre no aparece en la lista my name doesn't appear on the list, my name isn't on the list
    una cara que aparece mucho en las portadas de las revistas a face that often appears o features on the covers of magazines
    4 «revista» to come out; «libro» to come out, be published
    B «persona»
    1 ( fam) (llegar) to appear, turn up, show up
    2 ( fam) (dejarse ver) to appear, show up ( colloq)
    no ha vuelto a aparecer por aquí he hasn't shown his face round here again
    3 (en un espectáculo) «personaje/actor» to appear
    apareció en dos o tres películas he was in o he appeared in two or three movies
    C ( liter) (parecer) to seem
    todo aparecía como un sueño borroso it all seemed like a hazy dream
    el programa de explotación aparecía oscuro the operating program did not seem clear
    ■ aparecer
    vt
    ( Méx) to produce, make … appear
    1 «fantasma/aparición»: aparecerse A algn; to appear TO sb
    su padre se le apareció en sueños his father appeared to him in his dreams
    2 ( AmL fam) «persona» to turn up
    se apareció de vaqueros she turned up o showed up in jeans
    ¡y no te vuelvas a aparecer por aquí! and don't you dare show your face round here again!
    * * *

     

    aparecer ( conjugate aparecer) verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) [síntoma/mancha] to appear





    d) [revista/libro] to come out

    2 [ persona]
    a) (fam) ( llegar) to appear, turn up

    b) (fam) ( dejarse ver) to appear, show up (colloq)

    c) (en película, televisión) to appear

    aparecerse verbo pronominal
    a) [fantasma/aparición] aparecerse a algn to appear to sb

    b) (AmL fam) [ persona] to turn up;

    ◊ ¡no te vuelvas a aparecer por aquí! don't you dare show your face round here again!

    aparecer
    1 verbo intransitivo
    1 to appear: su nombre aparece en los títulos de crédito, his name is on the credits
    2 (acudir alguien, encontrar algo perdido) to turn up: apareció con su hija, he turned up with his daughter
    el pasaporte apareció un mes más tarde, the passport turned up a week later
    ' aparecer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dejarse
    - sacar
    - salir
    - surgir
    - venir
    - amanecer
    - improviso
    English:
    alive
    - appear
    - arise
    - conjure
    - crop up
    - develop
    - listing
    - materialize
    - pop up
    - return
    - show
    - show up
    - sight
    - spring
    - surface
    - turn up
    - unaccounted
    - view
    - woodwork
    - emerge
    - mushroom
    - pop
    - reappear
    - roll
    - scene
    - turn
    - unaccounted for
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    Méx [presentar] to produce;
    inesperadamente Pedro apareció mis llaves Pedro quite unexpectedly produced my keys;
    el mago apareció un conejo de un sombrero the magician pulled a rabbit out of a hat
    ♦ vi
    1. [ante la vista] to appear;
    el sol apareció detrás de las murallas the sun appeared o came up from behind the city walls;
    aparecer de repente to appear from nowhere;
    el mago hizo aparecer un conejo de su chistera the magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat;
    su número de teléfono no aparece en la guía her phone number isn't (listed) in the phone book
    2. [publicación] to come out;
    la revista aparece los jueves the magazine comes out o is published on Thursdays
    3. [algo perdido] to turn up;
    ¿ya ha aparecido el perro? has the dog been found yet?;
    ha aparecido un cuadro inédito de Miró a previously unknown Miró painting has turned up o been discovered
    4. [persona] to appear;
    aparecer en público to appear in public;
    aparece en varias películas de Ford she appears in several of Ford's films;
    Fam
    aparecer por [lugar] to turn up at;
    Fam
    hace días que Antonio no aparece por el bar we haven't seen Antonio in the bar for days, it's several days since Antonio showed his face in the bar;
    Fam
    ¡a buenas horas apareces, ahora que ya hemos terminado! it's a bit late turning up now, we've already finished!;
    Fam
    ¡y no se te ocurra volver a aparecer por aquí! and don't let me see your face round here again!
    * * *
    v/i appear
    * * *
    aparecer {53} vi
    1) : to appear
    2) presentarse: to show up
    3) : to turn up, to be found
    * * *
    1. (en general) to appear
    2. (encontrarse) to turn up
    ¿ha aparecido tu cartera? has your wallet turned up?
    3. (figurar) to be
    4. (llegar) to show up [pt. showed; pp. shown]

    Spanish-English dictionary > aparecer

  • 11 en la actualidad

    at present
    * * *
    nowadays, currently, at present
    * * *
    = at present, nowadays, presently, today, modern-day, now, these days, at the present time, at the present, in present times, at present time, in modern times, in this day and age, currently
    Ex. A number of libraries are at present involved in the conversion of their traditional card catalogues.
    Ex. There is a terrific interest in Holmesiana nowadays.
    Ex. The acquisitions systems is presently only available to subscribers to BOSS.
    Ex. Those dates which are older than today's date are eliminated by the system.
    Ex. Louis de Poincy was the governor of the French island Saint Christopher ( modern-day Saint Kitts) from 1639 to 1660.
    Ex. The article 'The ABC of CD: where is CD-ROM now?' is a basic introduction to CD-ROMs.
    Ex. Some authors, of course, object to their work being subjected to compulsory dissection for exams in the traditional deadly manner and like Bernard Shaw, they swear to haunt anyone who so mistreats them (Shaw's ghost must be busy these days).
    Ex. At the present time online catalogs seem to be prohibitively expensive for public libraries.
    Ex. At present, the library board consists of: a housewife, who is serving as chairwoman, a stockbroker, a retired head of the health department, an owner of a hardware store, and an attorney = En la actualidad, la comisión de biblioteca consta de un ama de casa, que actúa de presidenta, un agente de bolsa, un director del departamento de sanidad jubilado, el propietario de una ferretería y un abogado.
    Ex. The question of ideological thought (in the sense of a veiled interest-determined trend of thought) is again rearing its head in present times.
    Ex. The research project explored the ways in which information is used in the UK at present time.
    Ex. In modern times, the term 'ecology' has had exclusive reference to a scientific discipline and not a branch of philosophy.
    Ex. In this day and age the library sociologist cannot do without using the word 'class' in the library context.
    Ex. Currently, online document request services are possible, but this is not usually a feature of the facilities of any but the largest co-operatives.
    * * *
    = at present, nowadays, presently, today, modern-day, now, these days, at the present time, at the present, in present times, at present time, in modern times, in this day and age, currently

    Ex: A number of libraries are at present involved in the conversion of their traditional card catalogues.

    Ex: There is a terrific interest in Holmesiana nowadays.
    Ex: The acquisitions systems is presently only available to subscribers to BOSS.
    Ex: Those dates which are older than today's date are eliminated by the system.
    Ex: Louis de Poincy was the governor of the French island Saint Christopher ( modern-day Saint Kitts) from 1639 to 1660.
    Ex: The article 'The ABC of CD: where is CD-ROM now?' is a basic introduction to CD-ROMs.
    Ex: Some authors, of course, object to their work being subjected to compulsory dissection for exams in the traditional deadly manner and like Bernard Shaw, they swear to haunt anyone who so mistreats them (Shaw's ghost must be busy these days).
    Ex: At the present time online catalogs seem to be prohibitively expensive for public libraries.
    Ex: At present, the library board consists of: a housewife, who is serving as chairwoman, a stockbroker, a retired head of the health department, an owner of a hardware store, and an attorney = En la actualidad, la comisión de biblioteca consta de un ama de casa, que actúa de presidenta, un agente de bolsa, un director del departamento de sanidad jubilado, el propietario de una ferretería y un abogado.
    Ex: The question of ideological thought (in the sense of a veiled interest-determined trend of thought) is again rearing its head in present times.
    Ex: The research project explored the ways in which information is used in the UK at present time.
    Ex: In modern times, the term 'ecology' has had exclusive reference to a scientific discipline and not a branch of philosophy.
    Ex: In this day and age the library sociologist cannot do without using the word 'class' in the library context.
    Ex: Currently, online document request services are possible, but this is not usually a feature of the facilities of any but the largest co-operatives.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en la actualidad

  • 12 portal

    adj.
    pylic.
    m.
    1 entrance hall (entrada).
    viven en aquel portal they live at that number
    2 crib, Nativity scene.
    * * *
    \
    el portal de Belén the stable at Bethlehem
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de edificio] (=vestíbulo) hallway; (=puerta) front door
    2) [de casa] hall, vestibule frm
    3) (Rel)

    portal de Belén — (=representación navideña) Nativity scene

    el portal de Belén — (Biblia) the stable at Bethlehem

    4) (Dep) goal
    5) [de muralla] gate
    6) (Internet) portal
    7) pl portales (=soportales) arcade sing
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de casa - entrada) doorway; (- vestíbulo) hall
    b) (de iglesia, palacio) portal
    c) ( en muralla) gate

    el portal de Belén — (Bib) the stable at Bethlehem

    2) portales masculino plural ( soportales) arcade
    * * *
    = doorway, portal, Web site [website], site, search engine, subject gateway, gateway, portal site, gateway site, metasite.
    Ex. Heads started appearing in the doorway, muttering, 'Oh! So this is the library'.
    Ex. Portals are those Web sites which tend to be the starting points for Internet users and are the most intensively used consumer Web sites in the world.
    Ex. Generally speaking, people who post information at Web sites intend to make it freely available.
    Ex. However, as phone systems improve, you can expect this to change too; more and more, you'll see smaller sites (even individuals home systems) connecting to the Internet.
    Ex. The number of World Wide Web (WWW) databases or search engines has grown rapidly = El total de bases de datos o buscadores World Wide Web ha aumentado rápidamente.
    Ex. Subject gateways are Internet-based services designed to help users locate 'high quality' information that is available on the Internet and consists typically of a database describing Internet resources and offering hyperlinks to them.
    Ex. One of the roles of the local library is to act as a gateway to other information sources.
    Ex. The author presents a view of portal sites as a radically different model from those currently embraced by traditional information companies.
    Ex. The search engines are attempting to become portal or gateway sites, keeping visitors for longer.
    Ex. The article 'Virtual holiday excursions' covers metasites, holiday sites, virtual travel, pleasure reading, odd ball sites, personal psychology, personal ads, and fortune telling.
    ----
    * módulo de aceso de un portal = portlet.
    * portal de Internet = Web portal, Internet portal, web-based research guide.
    * portales = portal.
    * portal temático = subject guide, subject portal.
    * portal vertical = vortal (vertical portal).
    * portal web = Web portal, Web guide.
    * ventana de un portal = portlet.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( de casa - entrada) doorway; (- vestíbulo) hall
    b) (de iglesia, palacio) portal
    c) ( en muralla) gate

    el portal de Belén — (Bib) the stable at Bethlehem

    2) portales masculino plural ( soportales) arcade
    * * *
    = doorway, portal, Web site [website], site, search engine, subject gateway, gateway, portal site, gateway site, metasite.

    Ex: Heads started appearing in the doorway, muttering, 'Oh! So this is the library'.

    Ex: Portals are those Web sites which tend to be the starting points for Internet users and are the most intensively used consumer Web sites in the world.
    Ex: Generally speaking, people who post information at Web sites intend to make it freely available.
    Ex: However, as phone systems improve, you can expect this to change too; more and more, you'll see smaller sites (even individuals home systems) connecting to the Internet.
    Ex: The number of World Wide Web (WWW) databases or search engines has grown rapidly = El total de bases de datos o buscadores World Wide Web ha aumentado rápidamente.
    Ex: Subject gateways are Internet-based services designed to help users locate 'high quality' information that is available on the Internet and consists typically of a database describing Internet resources and offering hyperlinks to them.
    Ex: One of the roles of the local library is to act as a gateway to other information sources.
    Ex: The author presents a view of portal sites as a radically different model from those currently embraced by traditional information companies.
    Ex: The search engines are attempting to become portal or gateway sites, keeping visitors for longer.
    Ex: The article 'Virtual holiday excursions' covers metasites, holiday sites, virtual travel, pleasure reading, odd ball sites, personal psychology, personal ads, and fortune telling.
    * módulo de aceso de un portal = portlet.
    * portal de Internet = Web portal, Internet portal, web-based research guide.
    * portales = portal.
    * portal temático = subject guide, subject portal.
    * portal vertical = vortal (vertical portal).
    * portal web = Web portal, Web guide.
    * ventana de un portal = portlet.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de una casa — entrada) doorway; (— vestíbulo) hall
    2 (de una iglesia, un palacio) portal
    el portal de Belén ( Bib) the stable at Bethlehem
    C ( Inf) portal
    * * *

     

    portal sustantivo masculino

    (— vestíbulo) hall
    b) (de iglesia, palacio) portal


    portal sustantivo masculino
    1 (puerta de la calle) main door
    (de una finca) gateway
    2 (recinto de entrada) entrance hall
    ' portal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pórtico
    - risa
    - telefonillo
    - farol
    * * *
    portal nm
    1. [entrada] entrance hall;
    [puerta] main door;
    viven en aquel portal they live at that number
    2. [belén] crib, Nativity scene;
    el portal de Belén the stable at Bethlehem
    3. Informát [página Web] portal
    * * *
    m
    1 de casa, pisos foyer
    2 ( entrada) doorway
    3 INFOR portal
    * * *
    portal nm
    1) : portal, doorway
    2) vestíbulo: vestibule, hall
    * * *
    portal n entrance hall

    Spanish-English dictionary > portal

  • 13 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 14 experimentar

    v.
    1 to experience.
    experimentar frío/calor to feel cold/hot
    las temperaturas experimentarán un leve ascenso/descenso we will see a slight rise/fall in temperatures
    Se nos operó una transformación We experienced a transformation.
    2 to test.
    3 to experiment, to test, to noodle around, to test out.
    * * *
    1 (hacer experimentos) to experiment, test
    2 (probar) to test, try out
    3 (sentir, notar) to experience, feel; (- cambio) to undergo; (- aumento) to show; (- pérdida, derrota) to suffer
    \
    experimentar una mejoría to improve, make progress
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ método, producto] to test, try out
    2) (=notar) [+ cambio] to experience, go through; [+ pérdida, deterioro] to suffer; [+ aumento] to show; [+ sensación] to feel

    las cifras han experimentado un aumento de un 5 por 100 — the figures show an increase of 5%

    2.
    VI to experiment ( con with) (en on)
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    2.
    1) ( probar) to try out, experiment with
    2)
    a) < sensación> to experience, feel; <tristeza/alegría> to feel
    b) ( sufrir) < cambio> to undergo
    * * *
    = experience, experiment, institute + experiments, pass through, suffer, undergo, prototype, mess with, feel, go through.
    Ex. If facilities like these are not supported by the data base design, the users of the system will experience slow response times.
    Ex. We need not abandon our professional library studies programs, but we must also be willing to experiment with future oriented programs and structures at the same time.
    Ex. In an open-planned building designed flexibly to cater for adaptations, the librarian is not inhibited for making changes or instituting experiments.
    Ex. The scheme has passed through nineteen editions.
    Ex. Since the introduction of computer-based indexing systems alphabetical indexing languages have become more prevalent, and UDC has suffered a reduction in use.
    Ex. Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.
    Ex. The electronic book (e-book) is already available commercially in Japan, and a British company is currently prototyping a handwriting recognition notepad.
    Ex. Once music is digitized you can filter it, bend it, archive it, rearrange it, remix it, mess with it.
    Ex. Public libraries, especially in New York City, are feeling severe budget crunches, because we really haven't been relevant to people and, therefore, nobody uses us = Las bibliotecas públicas, especialmente de la ciudad de Nueva York, están sufriendo graves recortes presupuestarios debido a que la gente no nos ha encontrado necesarios y, por lo tanto, nadie nos utiliza.
    Ex. A shock of resistance and antagonism went through Zachary Ponder.
    ----
    * experimentar recortes = suffer + cuts.
    * experimentar una revolución = enter + a revolution.
    * experimentar una subida = experience + rise.
    * experimentar una transformación = undergo + transformation.
    * experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.
    * experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.
    * experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.
    * experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.
    * experimentar un crecimiento = experience + growth.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    2.
    1) ( probar) to try out, experiment with
    2)
    a) < sensación> to experience, feel; <tristeza/alegría> to feel
    b) ( sufrir) < cambio> to undergo
    * * *
    = experience, experiment, institute + experiments, pass through, suffer, undergo, prototype, mess with, feel, go through.

    Ex: If facilities like these are not supported by the data base design, the users of the system will experience slow response times.

    Ex: We need not abandon our professional library studies programs, but we must also be willing to experiment with future oriented programs and structures at the same time.
    Ex: In an open-planned building designed flexibly to cater for adaptations, the librarian is not inhibited for making changes or instituting experiments.
    Ex: The scheme has passed through nineteen editions.
    Ex: Since the introduction of computer-based indexing systems alphabetical indexing languages have become more prevalent, and UDC has suffered a reduction in use.
    Ex: Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.
    Ex: The electronic book (e-book) is already available commercially in Japan, and a British company is currently prototyping a handwriting recognition notepad.
    Ex: Once music is digitized you can filter it, bend it, archive it, rearrange it, remix it, mess with it.
    Ex: Public libraries, especially in New York City, are feeling severe budget crunches, because we really haven't been relevant to people and, therefore, nobody uses us = Las bibliotecas públicas, especialmente de la ciudad de Nueva York, están sufriendo graves recortes presupuestarios debido a que la gente no nos ha encontrado necesarios y, por lo tanto, nadie nos utiliza.
    Ex: A shock of resistance and antagonism went through Zachary Ponder.
    * experimentar recortes = suffer + cuts.
    * experimentar una revolución = enter + a revolution.
    * experimentar una subida = experience + rise.
    * experimentar una transformación = undergo + transformation.
    * experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.
    * experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.
    * experimentar un cambio = bring about + change, undergo + modification, undergo + change, undergo + transition.
    * experimentar un cambio + Adjetivo = take + a + Adjetivo + turn.
    * experimentar un crecimiento = experience + growth.
    * experimentar un descenso = experience + drop.

    * * *
    vi
    experimentar CON algo to experiment ON sth, carry out experiments ON sth
    ■ experimentar
    vt
    A (probar) to try out, experiment with
    B
    1 ‹sensación› to experience, feel; ‹tristeza/alegría› to feel
    2 (sufrir) ‹cambio› to undergo
    la inflación ha experimentado un descenso/alza de tres puntos inflation has dropped/risen three points
    su estado ha experimentado una ligera mejoría his condition has improved slightly, his condition has shown o undergone a slight improvement
    experimentaron serias dificultades they experienced o suffered o had serious difficulties
    la situación no ha experimentado variación alguna there has been no change in the situation
    * * *

     

    experimentar ( conjugate experimentar) verbo intransitivo experimentar con algo to experiment on o with sth
    verbo transitivo

    ‹tristeza/alegría› to feel
    b) ( sufrir) ‹ cambio› to undergo;


    experimentar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (una sensación) to experience, feel: cuando la cuerda se rompió, experimentó un miedo abrumador, when the rope broke, he felt overwhelming fear
    2 (un cambio) to undergo
    Med experimentar una mejora, to improve
    II verbo intransitivo (hacer experimentos) to experiment [con, with]
    ' experimentar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    pasar
    English:
    experience
    - experiment
    - get off on
    - go through
    - undergo
    - drop
    - grow
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [sensación, sentimiento, efecto] to experience;
    experimentar frío/calor to feel cold/hot;
    experimenté una gran tristeza I felt a great sadness
    2. [derrota, pérdidas] to suffer;
    [cambios, empeoramiento] to undergo, to suffer; [mejoría] to undergo, to experience;
    las temperaturas experimentarán un leve ascenso/descenso we will see a slight rise/fall in temperatures
    3. [probar] to test;
    [hacer experimentos con] to experiment with o on
    ♦ vi
    experimentar con to experiment with o on
    * * *
    I v/t try out, experiment with
    II v/i experiment ( con on)
    * * *
    : to experiment
    1) : to experiment with, to test out
    2) : to experience
    * * *
    1. (hacer experimentos) to experiment
    2. (probar) to test
    3. (sentir) to feel [pt. & pp. felt]
    4. (sufrir un cambio) to undergo [pt. underwent; pp. undergone]

    Spanish-English dictionary > experimentar

  • 15 comparar

    v.
    1 to compare, to make a comparison.
    comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien to compare something/somebody with something/somebody
    comparar precios to compare prices, to shop around
    ¡no compares, ésta es mucho más bonita! don't compare, this one's much nicer!
    Elsa carea beneficios Elsa compares benefits.
    2 to draw a comparison, to make a comparison.
    * * *
    1 to compare
    \
    ¡no compares! familiar far from it!
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT to compare (a to) ( con with, to)

    comparar dos archivos — (Inform) to compare two files

    por favor, no compares, esta casa es mucho mejor que la que tenías antes — there's no comparison, this house is much better than the one you had before

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( contrastar) to compare

    comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody with something/somebody

    b) ( asemejar) to compare

    comparar algo/a alguien a algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody to something/somebody

    2.
    comparar vi to make a comparison, to compare
    * * *
    = compare, draw + parallel, make + comparisons, liken, cross-tabulate, factor, collate, triangulate, cross-reference, equate (with/to), diff.
    Nota: Usado generalmente en informática para comparar diferencias entre diferentes versiones de un mismo archivo.
    Ex. All words in the titles of the documents to be indexed will be compared, by a computer, with a pre-selected stop list or stopword list.
    Ex. This article draws a parallel between the growth of video collections and the earlier introduction of paperbacks into libraries.
    Ex. Quality in reviewing can be variable, but ARBA has a good record for providing critical comments when indicated and does not hesitate to make comparisons with similar tools.
    Ex. It can be likened to the production of a modern painting using spray paints and masks.
    Ex. Survey items, including subject searched, method of instruction, amount of searching experience, data base selected, and perceived relevance of citations retrieved, were cross-tabulated and examined for significance using the chi squared test.
    Ex. Library funding was factored against the comprehensive budgets of WTALC institutions, resulting in a measurement of the comparative percentage of university money made available to its libraries.
    Ex. It is no longer necessary to collate unaided, since copies can now be compared mechanically with a Hinman collating machine, which rapidly shows up all variation between them.
    Ex. The author discusses the advantages of using meta search engines for searching the World Wide Web as an alternative to using several search engines and triangulating the results.
    Ex. The editor has done a good job of cross-referencing the material, thus highlighting some of the ways in which separate factors interact and multiply their disintegrating effects.
    Ex. These new symbols can be equated with the symbols 'x' and 'xx' that are used currently in many authority listings to convey the same meaning.
    Ex. There are many tools available for diffing text files, but we often find ourselves wanting to see how an image file has changed too.
    ----
    * comparándolo = in comparison.
    * comparar con = match against, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, weigh against, stand up against.
    * comparar detalle a detalle = compare + point by point.
    * comparar notas = compare + notes.
    * comparar precios = comparison shop.
    * compararse = rival, measure up (to).
    * compararse con = stack up against, measure up against, match up against.
    * compararse favorablemente = compare + favourably.
    * comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.
    * imposible de comparar = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * si los comparamos = in comparison.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( contrastar) to compare

    comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody with something/somebody

    b) ( asemejar) to compare

    comparar algo/a alguien a algo/alguien — to compare something/somebody to something/somebody

    2.
    comparar vi to make a comparison, to compare
    * * *
    = compare, draw + parallel, make + comparisons, liken, cross-tabulate, factor, collate, triangulate, cross-reference, equate (with/to), diff.
    Nota: Usado generalmente en informática para comparar diferencias entre diferentes versiones de un mismo archivo.

    Ex: All words in the titles of the documents to be indexed will be compared, by a computer, with a pre-selected stop list or stopword list.

    Ex: This article draws a parallel between the growth of video collections and the earlier introduction of paperbacks into libraries.
    Ex: Quality in reviewing can be variable, but ARBA has a good record for providing critical comments when indicated and does not hesitate to make comparisons with similar tools.
    Ex: It can be likened to the production of a modern painting using spray paints and masks.
    Ex: Survey items, including subject searched, method of instruction, amount of searching experience, data base selected, and perceived relevance of citations retrieved, were cross-tabulated and examined for significance using the chi squared test.
    Ex: Library funding was factored against the comprehensive budgets of WTALC institutions, resulting in a measurement of the comparative percentage of university money made available to its libraries.
    Ex: It is no longer necessary to collate unaided, since copies can now be compared mechanically with a Hinman collating machine, which rapidly shows up all variation between them.
    Ex: The author discusses the advantages of using meta search engines for searching the World Wide Web as an alternative to using several search engines and triangulating the results.
    Ex: The editor has done a good job of cross-referencing the material, thus highlighting some of the ways in which separate factors interact and multiply their disintegrating effects.
    Ex: These new symbols can be equated with the symbols 'x' and 'xx' that are used currently in many authority listings to convey the same meaning.
    Ex: There are many tools available for diffing text files, but we often find ourselves wanting to see how an image file has changed too.
    * comparándolo = in comparison.
    * comparar con = match against, run + Nombre + through + Nombre, weigh against, stand up against.
    * comparar detalle a detalle = compare + point by point.
    * comparar notas = compare + notes.
    * comparar precios = comparison shop.
    * compararse = rival, measure up (to).
    * compararse con = stack up against, measure up against, match up against.
    * compararse favorablemente = compare + favourably.
    * comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.
    * imposible de comparar = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * si los comparamos = in comparison.

    * * *
    comparar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 (contrastar) to compare comparar algo/a algn CON algo/algn to compare sth/sb WITH sth/sb
    comparado con los de ayer, este ejercicio es fácil this exercise is easy compared with o to yesterday's
    2 (asemejar) to compare comparar algo/a algn A algo/algn to compare sth/sb TO sth/sb
    en el poema la compara a una diosa griega in the poem he compares her to a Greek goddess
    ■ comparar
    vi
    to make a comparison, compare
    * * *

     

    comparar ( conjugate comparar) verbo transitivo
    to compare;
    comparar algo/a algn a or con algo/algn to compare sth/sb to o with sth/sb;
    ◊ no puede ni compararse al otro it doesn't even compare at all to o with the other one

    verbo intransitivo
    to make a comparison, to compare
    comparar verbo transitivo to compare [con, with]: no le compares con su hermano, don't compare him with his brother

    ' comparar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    como
    - contraponer
    - asemejar
    - equiparar
    English:
    compare
    - equate
    - liken
    - shop around
    - measure
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    to compare;
    comparar algo/a alguien con algo/alguien to compare sth/sb with sth/sb;
    comparar precios to compare prices, to shop around
    ♦ vi
    to compare, to make a comparison;
    ¡no compares, ésta es mucho más bonita! don't compare, this one's much nicer!
    * * *
    v/t compare ( con with, to)
    * * *
    : to compare
    * * *
    comparar vb to compare

    Spanish-English dictionary > comparar

  • 16 aviso

    m.
    1 warning (advertencia, amenaza).
    andar sobre aviso to be on the alert
    estar sobre aviso to be forewarned
    poner sobre aviso a alguien to warn somebody
    ¡que te sirva de aviso! let that be a warning to you!
    aviso de bomba bomb warning
    2 notice.
    hasta nuevo aviso until further notice
    llegó sin previo aviso he arrived without warning
    último aviso para los pasajeros del vuelo IB 257 last call for passengers of flight IB 257
    3 advertisement, advert. ( Latin American Spanish)
    4 ad, commercial, advertisement, advert.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: avisar.
    * * *
    2 (advertencia) warning
    \
    andar/estar sobre aviso (estar atento) to be on the alert, keep one's eyes open 2 (estar enterado) to know what's going on, be in on it 3 (estar avisado) to have been warned
    hasta nuevo aviso until further notice
    mandar aviso to send word
    poner sobre aviso to forewarn
    sin previo aviso without prior notice
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=notificación) notice

    Aviso: cerrado el lunes — Notice: closed Mondays

    dar aviso a algn de algo — to notify o inform sb of sth

    2) (=advertencia) warning
    3) (Com, Econ) demand note

    según (su) aviso — as per order, as ordered

    4) (Inform) prompt
    5) esp LAm (Com) advertisement

    aviso mural — poster, wall poster

    avisos limitados — Col classified advertisements

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( notificación) notice

    dio aviso a la policía — he notified o informed the police

    último aviso para los pasajeros... — last call for passengers...

    b) ( advertencia) warning

    sobre aviso: estás sobre aviso you've been warned; me puso sobre aviso de lo que ocurriría — he warned me what would happen

    c) (Cin, Teatr) bell
    d) (Taur) warning
    2) (AmL) (anuncio, cartel) advertisement, ad
    •
    * * *
    = word of caution, announcement, notice, reminder notice, warning, word of warning, follow-up, reminder, cautionary note, cautionary word, alert, heads up, wake-up call.
    Ex. Finally a word of caution: do not expect too much.
    Ex. Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.
    Ex. Notices may be useful in this context for the user who wishes to familiarise himself with the workings of the catalogue before approaching a terminal.
    Ex. The circulation staff also looks after overdues -- sending out reminder notices, making follow-up telephone calls, etc..
    Ex. No, he was not one to take off like a deer at the first warning of certain dangers.
    Ex. One word of warning before starting: products, concepts, applications of information technology are currently in a state of rapid evolution.
    Ex. The circulation staff also looks after overdues -- sending out reminder notices, making follow-up telephone calls, etc..
    Ex. A constant reminder that, these days, retrospective bibliography and technology are hand in hand is the realization that all of the items listed in both Pollard and Redgrave and Wing are available to purchase in microform editions.
    Ex. The different standards involved are described with cautionary notes on their limitations and the balance between standardisation and innovation.
    Ex. The article 'A few cautionary words about electronic publishing' argues that advances in microform technology have obviously fallen far behind their potential.
    Ex. The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.
    Ex. The article is entitled ' Heads up: confronting the selection and access issues of electronic journals'.
    Ex. These incidents should serve as a wake-up call for libraries planning a move.
    ----
    * aviso de advertencia = warning label.
    * aviso de encuadernación = binding trigger.
    * aviso de vencimiento = overdue notice.
    * aviso para los aviadores = NOTAM (Notice for Airmen).
    * casi sin previo aviso = without much notice.
    * dar un aviso = make + warning.
    * hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.
    * luz de aviso = warning light.
    * mensaje de aviso = warning message.
    * piloto de aviso = warning light.
    * poner sobre aviso = alert to.
    * poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.
    * señal de aviso = early warning signal, warning sign, warning signal.
    * señal de aviso de incendio = fire warning.
    * sin aviso previo = without warning.
    * sin previo aviso = unannounced, without warning, without notice, without prior notice, without prior notification, on spec, at the drop of a hat, without (any) further notice.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * temporizador de aviso = egg timer.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( notificación) notice

    dio aviso a la policía — he notified o informed the police

    último aviso para los pasajeros... — last call for passengers...

    b) ( advertencia) warning

    sobre aviso: estás sobre aviso you've been warned; me puso sobre aviso de lo que ocurriría — he warned me what would happen

    c) (Cin, Teatr) bell
    d) (Taur) warning
    2) (AmL) (anuncio, cartel) advertisement, ad
    •
    * * *
    = word of caution, announcement, notice, reminder notice, warning, word of warning, follow-up, reminder, cautionary note, cautionary word, alert, heads up, wake-up call.

    Ex: Finally a word of caution: do not expect too much.

    Ex: Printed current awareness bulletins may be produced from similar facilities to those in above, except that here the announcement will relate only to newly added items.
    Ex: Notices may be useful in this context for the user who wishes to familiarise himself with the workings of the catalogue before approaching a terminal.
    Ex: The circulation staff also looks after overdues -- sending out reminder notices, making follow-up telephone calls, etc..
    Ex: No, he was not one to take off like a deer at the first warning of certain dangers.
    Ex: One word of warning before starting: products, concepts, applications of information technology are currently in a state of rapid evolution.
    Ex: The circulation staff also looks after overdues -- sending out reminder notices, making follow-up telephone calls, etc..
    Ex: A constant reminder that, these days, retrospective bibliography and technology are hand in hand is the realization that all of the items listed in both Pollard and Redgrave and Wing are available to purchase in microform editions.
    Ex: The different standards involved are described with cautionary notes on their limitations and the balance between standardisation and innovation.
    Ex: The article 'A few cautionary words about electronic publishing' argues that advances in microform technology have obviously fallen far behind their potential.
    Ex: The author reviews a number of Web sites that offer product warnings and business scam alerts.
    Ex: The article is entitled ' Heads up: confronting the selection and access issues of electronic journals'.
    Ex: These incidents should serve as a wake-up call for libraries planning a move.
    * aviso de advertencia = warning label.
    * aviso de encuadernación = binding trigger.
    * aviso de vencimiento = overdue notice.
    * aviso para los aviadores = NOTAM (Notice for Airmen).
    * casi sin previo aviso = without much notice.
    * dar un aviso = make + warning.
    * hasta nuevo aviso = until further notice.
    * luz de aviso = warning light.
    * mensaje de aviso = warning message.
    * piloto de aviso = warning light.
    * poner sobre aviso = alert to.
    * poner una señal de aviso = post + a warning, post + a warning sign.
    * señal de aviso = early warning signal, warning sign, warning signal.
    * señal de aviso de incendio = fire warning.
    * sin aviso previo = without warning.
    * sin previo aviso = unannounced, without warning, without notice, without prior notice, without prior notification, on spec, at the drop of a hat, without (any) further notice.
    * sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.
    * temporizador de aviso = egg timer.

    * * *
    A
    [ S ] aviso al público notice to the public, public notice
    alguien dio aviso a la policía someone notified o informed the police, someone reported it to the police
    llegó sin previo aviso he arrived without prior warning o unexpectedly o out of the blue
    hasta nuevo aviso until further notice
    último aviso para los pasajeros … last call for passengers …
    2 (advertencia) warning
    sobre aviso: estás sobre aviso you've been warned
    me puso sobre aviso de lo que ocurriría he warned me what would happen
    3 ( Cin, Teatr) bell
    4 ( Taur) warning
    Compuesto:
    remittance advice
    B ( AmL) (anuncio, cartel) advertisement, ad, advert ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    classified advertisement
    death notice
    ● aviso oportuno or de ocasión
    * * *

     

    Del verbo avisar: ( conjugate avisar)

    aviso es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    avisó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    avisar    
    aviso
    avisar ( conjugate avisar) verbo transitivo
    a) ( notificar):

    ◊ ¿por qué no me avisaste que venías? why didn't you let me know you were coming?;

    nos han avisado que… they've notified us that…
    b) (Esp, Méx) ( llamar) to call;



    quedas or estás avisado you've been warned
    verbo intransitivo:
    ◊ llegó sin aviso she showed up without any prior warning o unexpectedly;

    avísame cuando acabes let me know when you've finished;
    aviso a algn de algo to let sb know about sth
    aviso sustantivo masculino
    1

    ( on signs) aviso al público notice to the public;
    ◊ dio aviso a la policía he notified o informed the police;

    sin previo aviso without prior warning;
    último aviso para los pasajeros … last call for passengers …


    c) (Cin, Teatr) bell

    d) (Taur) warning

    2 (AmL) (anuncio, cartel) advertisement, ad
    avisar verbo transitivo
    1 (prevenir, advertir) to warn: ya te avisé, I told you so
    2 (comunicar) to inform: cuando te decidas, avísame, let me know when you make up your mind
    3 (llamar) to call for
    avisar a la policía, to call the police
    avisar al médico, to send for the doctor
    aviso sustantivo masculino
    1 notice
    (advertencia) warning
    (comunicado) note: no lo utilicen hasta nuevo aviso, don't use it until further notice
    nos cortaron la luz sin previo aviso, they cut our electricity off without notice
    ♦ Locuciones: sobre aviso: no me ha cogido por sorpresa, estaba sobre aviso, I wasn't surprised, I had been warned/I was expecting it
    ' aviso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    fulminante
    - letrero
    - recado
    - recordatorio
    - toque
    - esquela
    - este
    - llegar
    - ni
    - poner
    - previo
    - señal
    English:
    advice
    - caution
    - forewarn
    - further
    - gale warning
    - if
    - notice
    - notify
    - pin up
    - prompt
    - reminder
    - should
    - warning
    - warning sign
    - advertisement
    - commercial
    - final
    - small
    * * *
    aviso nm
    1. [advertencia, amenaza] warning;
    andar sobre aviso to be on the alert;
    estar sobre aviso to be forewarned;
    ¡que te sirva de aviso! let that be a warning to you!
    aviso de bomba bomb warning
    2. [notificación] notice;
    [en teatros, aeropuertos] call;
    hasta nuevo aviso until further notice;
    último aviso para los pasajeros del vuelo IB 257 last call for passengers for flight IB 257;
    sin previo aviso without notice;
    llegó sin previo aviso he arrived without warning
    Com aviso de vencimiento due-date reminder
    3. Taurom = warning to matador not to delay the kill any longer
    4. Am [anuncio] advertisement, advert;
    no te deja pasar un aviso she doesn't let you get a word in edgeways
    aviso clasificado classified advertisement;
    aviso fúnebre death notice;
    aviso publicitario advertisement, advert
    * * *
    m
    1 ( comunicación) notice;
    hasta nuevo aviso until further notice;
    sin previo aviso without any notice o warning;
    último aviso AVIA final call;
    2 ( advertencia) warning;
    estar sobre aviso have been warned;
    poner a alguien sobre aviso give s.o. a warning, warn s.o.
    3 L.Am. ( anuncio) advertisement
    * * *
    aviso nm
    1) : notice
    2) : advertisement, ad
    3) advertencia: warning
    4)
    estar sobre aviso : to be on the alert
    * * *
    1. (advertencia) warning
    2. (anuncio) notice

    Spanish-English dictionary > aviso

  • 17 escaso

    adj.
    scarce, bare, scrimpy, poor.
    * * *
    1 (insuficiente) scarce, scant, very little, small
    2 (recursos) slender; (dinero) tight; (público) small; (lluvias, salario) low; (tiempo) very little
    4 (que le falta poco) hardly, scarcely, barely
    5 (mezquino) miserly, mean
    \
    andar escaso,-a de algo to be short of something
    * * *
    (f. - escasa)
    adj.
    scarce, scant
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=limitado)
    2)
    3) (=muy justo)

    duró una hora escasa — it lasted barely o scarcely an hour

    4) †† (=tacaño) mean, stingy
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) < recursos económicos> limited, scant; < posibilidades> slim, slender; < visibilidad> poor; <conocimientos/experiencia> limited
    b) (en expresiones de medida, peso)

    pesa un kilo escaso — it weighs barely o scarcely a kilo

    a escasos tres días/dos meses — (AmL) barely three days/two months away

    c) [estar] ( falto)

    escaso de algo — de dinero/tiempo short of something

    * * *
    = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], meagre [meager, -USA], poor [poorer -comp., poorest -sup.], scant, scarce [scarcer -comp., scarcest -sup.], slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], slim [slimmer -comp., slimmest -sup.], scanty [scantier -comp., scantiest -sup.], sparse, little in the way of, thin [thinner -comp., thinnest -sup.], skimpy [skimpier -comp., skimpiest -sup.].
    Ex. Light use of library information resources raises the concern that students are developing an inadequate base of retrieval skills for finding information on new procedures, diseases and drugs.
    Ex. Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex. Soon, however, the collection outgrew its meagre quarters and a full-fledged library occupying a 40x60 foot area came into being.
    Ex. Examples are generally poor or obscure (often in Latin or German).
    Ex. Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.
    Ex. If staff time and expertise for initial evolution of the thesaurus are scarce, the system can usually function with a less thoroughly refined thesaurus.
    Ex. The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.
    Ex. Abstracting journals vary enormously in scope ranging from vast publications covering an entire discipline, to slim volumes centred on a relatively narrow topic.
    Ex. However, in producing a bulletin one is often torn between including the scanty, undigested and possibly inaccurate details of a new proposal and holding fire until fuller information is available, and thereby missing a publication deadline.
    Ex. The popular libraries in Lima are sparse and lack the technology and the cultural and information instruments popular in Italy.
    Ex. Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    Ex. Although it may be a bit thin in its use of standard academic sources of information, it is exceedingly strong on insider information and personal interviews.
    Ex. Often times new graduate job-seekers produce skimpy resumes because they fail to include all of their relevant experience.
    ----
    * andar escaso de = be short of.
    * andar escaso de dinero = be strapped for + cash.
    * andar (muy) escaso de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * escasa comunicación = poor communication.
    * escasa probabilidad = slim chance.
    * escaso de dinero = cash strapped, financially strapped, short of money, strapped.
    * escaso de ideas = short of ideas.
    * escaso de tiempo = time-strapped, short of time.
    * evidencia + ser + escasa = evidence + be + slight.
    * hacerse escaso = become + scarce.
    * ser escaso = be few and far between.
    * ser muy escaso = be at a premium.
    * ya de por sí escaso = already-scarce.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) < recursos económicos> limited, scant; < posibilidades> slim, slender; < visibilidad> poor; <conocimientos/experiencia> limited
    b) (en expresiones de medida, peso)

    pesa un kilo escaso — it weighs barely o scarcely a kilo

    a escasos tres días/dos meses — (AmL) barely three days/two months away

    c) [estar] ( falto)

    escaso de algo — de dinero/tiempo short of something

    * * *
    = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], meagre [meager, -USA], poor [poorer -comp., poorest -sup.], scant, scarce [scarcer -comp., scarcest -sup.], slight [sligther -comp., slightest -sup.], slim [slimmer -comp., slimmest -sup.], scanty [scantier -comp., scantiest -sup.], sparse, little in the way of, thin [thinner -comp., thinnest -sup.], skimpy [skimpier -comp., skimpiest -sup.].

    Ex: Light use of library information resources raises the concern that students are developing an inadequate base of retrieval skills for finding information on new procedures, diseases and drugs.

    Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex: Soon, however, the collection outgrew its meagre quarters and a full-fledged library occupying a 40x60 foot area came into being.
    Ex: Examples are generally poor or obscure (often in Latin or German).
    Ex: Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.
    Ex: If staff time and expertise for initial evolution of the thesaurus are scarce, the system can usually function with a less thoroughly refined thesaurus.
    Ex: The ISBD(CP)'s recommendations are very similar in principle to those for AACR2's 'in' analytics, except for slight changes in punctuation and order.
    Ex: Abstracting journals vary enormously in scope ranging from vast publications covering an entire discipline, to slim volumes centred on a relatively narrow topic.
    Ex: However, in producing a bulletin one is often torn between including the scanty, undigested and possibly inaccurate details of a new proposal and holding fire until fuller information is available, and thereby missing a publication deadline.
    Ex: The popular libraries in Lima are sparse and lack the technology and the cultural and information instruments popular in Italy.
    Ex: Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    Ex: Although it may be a bit thin in its use of standard academic sources of information, it is exceedingly strong on insider information and personal interviews.
    Ex: Often times new graduate job-seekers produce skimpy resumes because they fail to include all of their relevant experience.
    * andar escaso de = be short of.
    * andar escaso de dinero = be strapped for + cash.
    * andar (muy) escaso de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * escasa comunicación = poor communication.
    * escasa probabilidad = slim chance.
    * escaso de dinero = cash strapped, financially strapped, short of money, strapped.
    * escaso de ideas = short of ideas.
    * escaso de tiempo = time-strapped, short of time.
    * evidencia + ser + escasa = evidence + be + slight.
    * hacerse escaso = become + scarce.
    * ser escaso = be few and far between.
    * ser muy escaso = be at a premium.
    * ya de por sí escaso = already-scarce.

    * * *
    escaso -sa
    1
    (poco, limitado): un país de escasos recursos económicos a country with limited o scant o slender economic resources
    ante un público escaso in front of a small audience
    escasas posibilidades de éxito slim o slender chances of success, little chance of success
    la visibilidad en la zona del aeropuerto es escasa there is poor o limited visibility around the airport
    la comida resultó escasa there wasn't enough food
    obras de escasa calidad works of mediocre quality
    una persona de escasa inteligencia a person of limited intelligence
    mis conocimientos sobre este tema son escasos my knowledge of this subject is limited
    2
    (en expresiones de medida, peso): falta un mes escaso para que llegue there's barely o scarcely a month to go before it arrives
    está a una distancia de cinco kilómetros escasos it's barely o scarcely five kilometers away
    pesa un kilo escaso it weighs barely o scarcely a kilo
    a escasos tres días/dos meses ( AmL); barely three days/two months away
    se despertó luego de escasas tres horas de sueño ( AmL); she awoke having slept for barely three hours
    3 (falto) escaso DE algo short OF sth
    de momento ando escaso de dinero I'm a little o a bit short of money at the moment, money's a bit scarce o tight at the moment
    andamos escasos de personal we're short-staffed
    * * *

     

    escaso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo


    ‹ posibilidades› slim, slender;
    ‹ visibilidad› poor;
    ‹conocimientos/experiencia› limited
    b) [estar] ( falto) escaso de algo ‹de dinero/tiempo› short of sth

    escaso,-a adj (alimentos, recursos) scarce, scant
    (dinero, tiempo) short
    (luz) poor
    ♦ Locuciones: andar escaso de, to be short of
    ' escaso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    baja
    - bajo
    - contada
    - contado
    - corta
    - corto
    - delgada
    - delgado
    - escasa
    - mezquina
    - mezquino
    - mínima
    - mínimo
    - pelada
    - pelado
    - apurado
    - dinero
    - pobre
    English:
    low
    - marginal seat
    - pressed
    - run
    - scant
    - scanty
    - scarce
    - short
    - slender
    - slim
    - small
    - sparse
    - meager
    - narrow
    - poor
    - skimpy
    - slight
    - under
    * * *
    escaso, -a adj
    1. [insuficiente] [conocimientos, recursos, medios] limited, scant;
    [víveres, trabajo] scarce; [cantidad, número, temperaturas] low; [visibilidad, luz] poor, low;
    escaso público se dio cita para ver el partido a poor crowd turned out to see the match;
    sus posibilidades son más bien escasas her chances are rather slim;
    vino tanta gente que la comida se quedó escasa so many people came that there wasn't enough food;
    joyas de escaso valor jewellery of scant o little value;
    la obra tuvo escaso éxito the play had little success;
    debido al escaso tiempo con el que contaban due to the little time they had, since time was short
    2. [falto]
    andar o [m5] estar escaso de to be short of;
    ando escaso de dinero I don't have much money;
    el hotel está escaso de personal the hotel is short-staffed;
    la comida está un poco escasa de sal the food is in need of a bit more salt
    3. [casi completo]
    un metro escaso barely a metre;
    dura dos horas escasas it lasts barely two hours;
    a un mes escaso de las elecciones with barely a month to go to the elections;
    pesó dos kilos escasos al nacer she weighed barely two kilos at birth
    * * *
    adj
    1 recursos limited;
    escasas posibilidades de not much chance of, little chance of
    2
    :
    andar escaso de algo falto be short of sth
    3 ( justo)
    :
    falta un mes escaso it’s barely a month away;
    un kilo escaso a scant kilo, barely a kilo
    * * *
    escaso, -sa adj
    1) : scarce, scant
    2)
    escaso de : short of
    * * *
    escaso adj
    4. (apenas) just under / barely
    andar/estar escaso de tiempo/dinero to be short of time/money

    Spanish-English dictionary > escaso

  • 18 norma

    f.
    1 standard.
    este producto no cumple la norma europea this product does not meet European standards
    la norma es que llueva al final de la tarde it usually o normally rains toward the end of the afternoon
    tener por norma hacer algo to make it a rule to do something
    2 Norma.
    3 piece of legislation.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: normar.
    * * *
    1 norm, rule
    \
    norma de conducta rule of conduct
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) rule
    2) norm
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=regla) (tb Educ) rule; [oficial] regulation

    • como o por norma general — as a general rule, as a rule of thumb

    • tener por norma hacer algo — to make it a rule to do sth

    norma de comprobación — (Fís) control

    normas de conducta — [sociales] rules of behaviour; [de periódico, empresa] policy sing

    2) (=situación, costumbre) norm

    es norma ofrecer una copa de bienvenida — it is standard practice o it is the norm to offer a complimentary drink

    como es norma en estos casos — as is standard practice o as is the norm in these cases

    3)

    la norma — (Ling) the standard form

    4) (Arquit, Téc) square
    * * *
    a) ( regla) rule, regulation

    dictar normas — to lay down rules o regulations

    tengo por norma... — I make it a rule...

    es norma que or la norma es que acudan los directivos — it is standard practice for the directors to attend

    * * *
    = convention, guide, norm, pattern, prescription, rule, standard, yardstick.
    Ex. Articulated subject indexes are based on title-like phrases that have some conventions concerning citation order.
    Ex. In so doing the indexes act as an organized guide to large sections of the literature of a subject area.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex. Granted, standard is an ambiguous term, because it can mean either quality or simply prescription.
    Ex. If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.
    Ex. A standard is a document available to the public and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits and approved by a body recognized on the national, regional or international level.
    Ex. The legitimate yardstick against which to evaluate 'Beatlemusik' is not, pace Paul Johnson, Beethoven's last quartets, but other contemporary popular music.
    ----
    * acatar las normas = toe + the line.
    * atenerse a una norma = conform to + standard.
    * ausencia de normas = anomie.
    * como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.
    * como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * convertirse en la norma = become + the norm.
    * cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * desacatar las normas establecidas = flout + convention.
    * desviación de la norma = deviation + from the norm, departure from the norm.
    * establecer norma = legislate.
    * establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.
    * establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.
    * establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.
    * establecer un norma = give + prescription.
    * fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.
    * hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.
    * hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.
    * hoja de normas = rule sheet.
    * imponer una norma = place + prescription.
    * incumplimiento de normas = rule breaking.
    * incumplir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infracción de las normas = breach of regulations, infringement of the rules, breach of the rules.
    * infracción de normas = rule breaking.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * norma absoluta = ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma absouta = hard and fast rule.
    * norma básica = ground rule.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.
    * norma de comportamiento social = social pattern.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * norma de trabajo = working rule.
    * norma de vestir = dress code.
    * norma fija = firm rule.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * norma inflexible = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * norma legal = statutory provision.
    * Norma + Número = ISO + Número.
    * norma ortográfica = spelling convention.
    * norma personal = personal norm.
    * norma que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma rígida = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * normas = policy, code of practice, regulation.
    * normas comunes = standard practices.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normas de procedimiento = rules of procedure.
    * normas de uso = user policy.
    * normas habituales = standard practices.
    * normas internas = in-house guidelines.
    * norma social = social norm, societal norm.
    * normas para la elaboración de resúmenes = abstracting policy.
    * norma técnica = technical standard.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.
    * * *
    a) ( regla) rule, regulation

    dictar normas — to lay down rules o regulations

    tengo por norma... — I make it a rule...

    es norma que or la norma es que acudan los directivos — it is standard practice for the directors to attend

    * * *
    = convention, guide, norm, pattern, prescription, rule, standard, yardstick.

    Ex: Articulated subject indexes are based on title-like phrases that have some conventions concerning citation order.

    Ex: In so doing the indexes act as an organized guide to large sections of the literature of a subject area.
    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex: In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex: Granted, standard is an ambiguous term, because it can mean either quality or simply prescription.
    Ex: If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.
    Ex: A standard is a document available to the public and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits and approved by a body recognized on the national, regional or international level.
    Ex: The legitimate yardstick against which to evaluate 'Beatlemusik' is not, pace Paul Johnson, Beethoven's last quartets, but other contemporary popular music.
    * acatar las normas = toe + the line.
    * atenerse a una norma = conform to + standard.
    * ausencia de normas = anomie.
    * como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.
    * como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * convertirse en la norma = become + the norm.
    * cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * desacatar las normas establecidas = flout + convention.
    * desviación de la norma = deviation + from the norm, departure from the norm.
    * establecer norma = legislate.
    * establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.
    * establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.
    * establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.
    * establecer un norma = give + prescription.
    * fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.
    * hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.
    * hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.
    * hoja de normas = rule sheet.
    * imponer una norma = place + prescription.
    * incumplimiento de normas = rule breaking.
    * incumplir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infracción de las normas = breach of regulations, infringement of the rules, breach of the rules.
    * infracción de normas = rule breaking.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * norma absoluta = ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma absouta = hard and fast rule.
    * norma básica = ground rule.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.
    * norma de comportamiento social = social pattern.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * norma de trabajo = working rule.
    * norma de vestir = dress code.
    * norma fija = firm rule.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * norma inflexible = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * norma legal = statutory provision.
    * Norma + Número = ISO + Número.
    * norma ortográfica = spelling convention.
    * norma personal = personal norm.
    * norma que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma rígida = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * normas = policy, code of practice, regulation.
    * normas comunes = standard practices.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normas de procedimiento = rules of procedure.
    * normas de uso = user policy.
    * normas habituales = standard practices.
    * normas internas = in-house guidelines.
    * norma social = social norm, societal norm.
    * normas para la elaboración de resúmenes = abstracting policy.
    * norma técnica = technical standard.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.

    * * *
    1 (regla) rule, regulation
    normas de conducta rules of conduct
    normas sociales social norms
    observar las normas de seguridad to observe the safety regulations
    las normas vigentes the regulations currently in force
    dictar normas to lay down rules o regulations
    tengo por norma no beber al mediodía I make it a rule not to drink at lunchtime
    2
    (manera común de hacer algo): es norma que or la norma es que acudan a este tipo de reunión los directivos de la empresa it is standard practice for the directors of the company to attend this kind of meeting
    Compuesto:
    linguistic norm
    * * *

     

    norma sustantivo femenino


    normas de seguridad safety regulations;
    tengo por norma … I make it a rule …


    norma sustantivo femenino norm, rule: tiene que ajustarse a la norma europea, it has to meet the European standard
    ' norma' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aplicarse
    - caprichosa
    - caprichoso
    - criterio
    - desordenada
    - desordenado
    - imposición
    - normalizar
    - normalización
    - principio
    - regla
    - reglamentaria
    - reglamentario
    - relajar
    - romper
    - saltarse
    - validez
    - canon
    - cumplimiento
    - disposición
    - elemental
    - excepción
    - implantar
    - inadecuado
    - obedecer
    - regular
    - respetar
    English:
    law
    - norm
    - operative
    - policy
    - regulation
    - rule
    - set aside
    - set down
    - standard
    - vary
    - yardstick
    - departure
    - deviant
    * * *
    norma nf
    1. [patrón, modelo] standard;
    [regla] rule;
    las normas de circulación o [m5] de tráfico the traffic regulations, Br the Highway Code;
    este producto no cumple la norma europea this product does not meet European standards;
    normas de conducta [principios] standards (of behaviour);
    [pautas] patterns of behaviour;
    la norma es que llueva al final de la tarde it usually o normally rains towards the end of the afternoon;
    es la norma hacerlo así it's usual to do it this way;
    tener por norma hacer algo to make it a rule to do sth
    2. Ling norm
    * * *
    f
    1 standard
    2 ( regla) rule, regulation
    * * *
    norma nf
    1) : rule, regulation
    2) : norm, standard
    * * *
    norma n rule
    tener por norma hacer algo to always do something / to never do something

    Spanish-English dictionary > norma

  • 19 on

    1.
    [ɒn]preposition
    1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

    put something on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen od. stellen

    be on the table — auf dem Tisch sein

    write something on the wall — etwas an die Wand schreiben

    be hanging on the wall — an der Wand hängen

    on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

    be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

    2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

    on the evidence — aufgrund des Beweismaterials

    on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

    3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

    it's just on nine — es ist gerade neun

    on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

    on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

    on time or schedule — pünktlich

    4) expr. state etc

    the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

    be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

    5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
    2. adverb
    1)

    with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

    boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

    2) (in some direction)
    3) (switched or turned on)

    the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

    5) (being performed)

    what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

    6) (on duty)

    come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

    7)

    something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

    you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

    be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

    what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

    be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

    on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

    be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also academic.ru/62377/right">right 4. 4)

    * * *
    [on] 1. preposition
    1) (touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: The book was lying on the table; He was standing on the floor; She wore a hat on her head.) auf, in
    2) (in or into (a vehicle, train etc): We were sitting on the bus; I got on the wrong bus.) in
    3) (at or during a certain day, time etc: on Monday; On his arrival, he went straight to bed.) an, bei
    4) (about: a book on the theatre.) über
    5) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) in
    6) (supported by: She was standing on one leg.) auf
    7) (receiving, taking: on drugs; on a diet.) auf
    8) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) in, an
    9) (towards: They marched on the town.) zu
    10) (near or beside: a shop on the main road.) an
    11) (by means of: He played a tune on the violin; I spoke to him on the telephone.) auf, an
    12) (being carried by: The thief had the stolen jewels on him.) mit
    13) (when (something is, or has been, done): On investigation, there proved to be no need to panic.) als
    14) (followed by: disaster on disaster.) auf
    2. adverb
    1) ((especially of something being worn) so as to be touching, fixed to, covering etc the upper or outer side of: She put her hat on.) auf
    2) (used to show a continuing state etc, onwards: She kept on asking questions; They moved on.) weiter
    3) (( also adjective) (of electric light, machines etc) working: The television is on; Turn/Switch the light on.) an
    4) (( also adjective) (of films etc) able to be seen: There's a good film on at the cinema this week.) hinein
    5) (( also adjective) in or into a vehicle, train etc: The bus stopped and we got on.) im Gange
    3. adjective
    1) (in progress: The game was on.) stattfinden
    2) (not cancelled: Is the party on tonight?) stattfinden
    •
    - oncoming
    - ongoing
    - onwards
    - onward
    - be on to someone
    - be on to
    - on and on
    - on time
    - on to / onto
    * * *
    on
    [ɒn, AM ɑ:n]
    I. prep
    1. (on top of) auf + dat
    there are many books \on my desk auf meinem Tisch sind viele Bücher
    look at that cat \on the chair! schau dir die Katze auf dem Stuhl an!
    \on top of sth [ganz] oben auf etw dat
    2. with verbs of motion (onto) auf + akk
    put the pot \on the table! stell den Topf auf den Tisch!
    he had to walk out \on the roof er musste auf das Dach hinauf
    she hung their washing \on the line to dry sie hängte ihre Wäsche zum Trocknen auf die Leine
    let's hang a picture \on the wall lass uns ein Bild an die Wand hängen
    to get \on a horse auf ein Pferd aufsteigen, aufsitzen
    3. (situated on) an + dat
    , auf + dat
    our house is \on Sturton Street unser Haus ist in der Sturton Street
    they lay \on the beach sie lagen am Strand
    the town is \on the island die Stadt ist auf der Insel
    her new house is \on the river ihr neues Haus liegt am Fluss
    \on the balcony/her estate auf dem Balkon/ihrem Gut
    \on the border an der Grenze
    the shop \on the corner der Laden an der Ecke
    \on the hill/mountain auf dem Hügel/Berg
    \on the left/right auf der linken/rechten Seite
    \on platform three auf Bahnsteig [o SCHWEIZ Perron] drei m o nt
    \on track two an Gleis zwei
    4. (from) an + dat
    several bird houses hung \on the branches an den Ästen hingen mehrere Nistkästen
    a huge chandelier hung \on the ceiling ein großer Kronleuchter hing von der Decke herab
    5. (clothing) an + dat
    with shoes \on his feet mit Schuhen an den Füßen
    the wedding ring \on the ring finger der Ehering am Ringfinger
    6. (hurt by) an + dat
    I hit my head \on the shelf ich habe mir den Kopf am Regal angestoßen
    she tripped \on the wire sie blieb an dem Kabel hängen
    he cut his foot \on some glass er hat sich den Fuß an einer Glasscherbe verletzt
    to stumble \on sth über etw akk stolpern
    7. (supported by a part of the body) auf + dat
    to lie \on one's back auf dem Rücken liegen
    to stand \on one's head auf dem Kopf stehen
    8. (in possession of) bei + dat
    to have sth \on one etw bei sich dat haben
    I thought I had my driver's licence \on me ich dachte, ich hätte meinen Führerschein dabei
    have you got a spare cigarette \on you? hast du eine Zigarette für mich übrig?
    9. (marking surface of) auf + dat
    how did you get that blood \on your shirt? wie kommt das Blut auf Ihr Hemd?
    he had a scratch \on his arm er hatte einen Kratzer am Arm
    there was a smile \on her face ein Lächeln lag auf ihrem Gesicht
    10. (about) über + akk
    a documentary \on volcanoes ein Dokumentarfilm über Vulkane
    he needs some advice \on how to dress er braucht ein paar Tipps, wie er sich anziehen soll
    essays \on a wide range of issues Aufsätze zu einer Vielzahl von Themen
    he commented \on the allegations er nahm Stellung zu den Vorwürfen
    he advised her \on her taxes er beriet sie [o gab ihr Ratschläge] in Sachen Steuern
    I'll say more \on that subject later ich werde später mehr dazu sagen
    they settled \on a price sie einigten sich auf einen Preis
    to congratulate sb \on sth jdn zu etw dat gratulieren
    to frown \on sth etw missbilligen
    to have something/anything \on sb etw gegen jdn in der Hand haben
    do the police have anything \on you? hat die Polizei etwas Belastendes gegen dich in der Hand?
    11. (based on) auf + akk... hin
    he reacted \on a hunch er reagierte auf ein Ahnung hin
    he quit his job \on the principle that he did not want to work for an oil company er kündigte seine Stelle, weil er nicht für eine Ölgesellschaft arbeiten wollte
    \on account of wegen + gen
    they cancelled all flights \on account of the bad weather sie sagten alle Flüge wegen des schlechten Wetters ab
    \on purpose mit Absicht, absichtlich
    dependent/reliant \on sb/sth abhängig von jdm/etw
    to be based \on sth auf etw dat basieren
    to be based \on the ideas of freedom and equality auf den Ideen von Freiheit und Gleichheit basieren
    to rely \on sb sich akk auf jdn verlassen
    12. (as member of) in + dat
    how many people are \on your staff? wie viele Mitarbeiter haben Sie?
    have you ever served \on a jury? warst du schon einmal Mitglied in einer Jury?
    whose side are you \on in this argument? auf welcher Seite stehst du in diesem Streit?
    a writer \on a women's magazine eine Autorin bei einer Frauenzeitschrift
    13. (against) auf + akk
    the dog turned \on its own master der Hund ging auf seinen eigenes Herrchen los
    the gangsters pulled a gun \on him die Gangster zielten mit der Pistole auf ihn
    thousands were marching \on Cologne Tausenden marschierten auf Köln zu
    don't be so hard \on him! sei nicht so streng mit ihm!
    criticism has no effect \on him Kritik kann ihm nichts anhaben
    he didn't know it but the joke was \on him er wusste nicht, dass es ein Witz über ihn war
    two air raids \on Munich zwei Luftangriffe auf München
    they placed certain restrictions \on large companies großen Unternehmen wurden bestimmte Beschränkungen auferlegt
    there is a new ban \on the drug die Droge wurde erneut verboten
    to place a limit \on sth etw begrenzen
    to force one's will \on sb jdm seinen Willen aufzwingen
    to cheat \on sb jdn betrügen
    14. (through device of) an + dat
    he's \on the phone er ist am Telefon
    she weaved the cloth \on the loom sie webte das Tuch auf dem Webstuhl
    Chris is \on drums Chris ist am Schlagzeug
    we work \on flexitime wir arbeiten Gleitzeit
    \on the piano am Klavier
    15. (through medium of) auf + dat
    I'd like to see that offer \on paper ich hätte dieses Angebot gerne schriftlich
    I saw myself \on film ich sah mich selbst im Film
    what's \on TV tonight? was kommt heute Abend im Fernsehen?
    do you like the jazz \on radio? gefällt dir der Jazz im Radio?
    I heard the story \on the news today ich habe die Geschichte heute in den Nachrichten gehört
    a 10-part series \on Channel 3 eine zehnteilige Serie im 3. Programm
    to be available \on cassette auf Kassette erhältlich sein
    to store sth \on the computer etw im Computer speichern
    to put sth down \on paper etw aufschreiben [o BRD, ÖSTERR zu Papier bringen]
    to come out \on video als Video herauskommen
    16. (in the course of) auf + dat
    \on the way to town auf dem Weg in die Stadt
    17. (travelling with) in + dat
    , mit + dat
    I love travelling \on buses/trains ich fahre gerne mit Bussen/Zügen
    we went to France \on the ferry wir fuhren mit der Fähre nach Frankreich
    he got some sleep \on the plane er konnte im Flugzeug ein wenig schlafen
    \on foot/horseback zu Fuß/auf dem Pferd
    18. (on day of) an + dat
    many shops don't open \on Sundays viele Läden haben an Sonntagen geschlossen
    what are you doing \on Friday? was machst du am Freitag?
    we always go bowling \on Thursdays wir gehen donnerstags immer kegeln
    my birthday's \on the 30th of May ich habe am 30. Mai Geburtstag
    \on a very hot evening in July an einem sehr heißen Abend im Juli
    \on Saturday morning/Wednesday evening am Samstagvormittag/Mittwochabend
    19. (at time of) bei + dat
    \on his brother's death beim Tod seines Bruders
    \on the count of three, start running! bei drei lauft ihr los!
    trains to London leave \on the hour every hour die Züge nach London fahren jeweils zur vollen Stunde
    the professor entered the room at 1:00 \on the minute der Professor betrat den Raum auf die Minute genau um 13.00 Uhr
    \on receiving her letter als ich ihren Brief erhielt
    \on arriving at the station bei der Ankunft im Bahnhof
    \on arrival/departure bei der Ankunft/Abreise
    \on the dot [auf die Sekunde] pünktlich
    to be finished \on schedule planmäßig fertig werden
    20. (engaged in) bei + dat
    we were \on page 42 wir waren auf Seite 42
    he was out \on errands er machte ein paar Besorgungen
    we made a big profit \on that deal wir haben bei diesem Geschäft gut verdient
    \on business geschäftlich, beruflich
    to work \on sth an etw dat arbeiten
    21. (regularly taking)
    ▪ to be \on sth etw nehmen
    my doctor put me \on antibiotics mein Arzt setzte mich auf Antibiotika
    he lived \on berries and roots er lebte von Beeren und Wurzeln
    Richard lives \on a diet of junk food Richard ernährt sich ausschließlich von Junkfood
    to be \on drugs unter Drogen stehen, Drogen nehmen
    to be \on medication Medikamente einnehmen
    22. (paid by) auf + dat; BRIT
    she wants it done \on the National Health Service sie möchte, dass die gesetzliche Krankenkasse die Kosten übernimmt
    this meal is \on me das Essen bezahle ich
    the drinks are \on me die Getränke gebe ich aus
    to buy sth \on credit/hire purchase etw auf Kredit/Raten kaufen
    23. (sustained by) mit + dat
    , von + dat
    does this radio run \on batteries? läuft dieses Radio mit Batterien?
    I've only got £50 a week to live \on ich lebe von nur 50 Pfund pro Woche
    they are living \on their savings sie leben von ihren Ersparnissen
    to go \on the dole stempeln gehen
    to live \on welfare von Sozialhilfe leben
    24. (as payment for) für + akk
    I've wasted a lot of money \on this car ich habe für dieses Auto eine Menge Geld ausgegeben
    how much interest are you paying \on the loan? wie viel Zinsen zahlst du für diesen Kredit?
    25. (added to) zusätzlich zu + dat
    a few pence \on the electricity bill ein paar Pfennige mehr bei der Stromrechnung
    26. (connected to) an + dat
    dogs should be kept \on their leads Hunde sollten an der Leine geführt werden
    to be \on the phone AUS, BRIT ans Telefonnetz angeschlossen sein, telefonisch erreichbar sein
    we've just moved and we're not \on the phone yet wir sind gerade umgezogen und haben noch kein Telefon
    27. (according to) auf + dat
    \on the agenda/list auf der Tagesordnung/Liste
    \on the whole im Ganzen, insgesamt
    \on the whole, it was a good year alles in allem war es ein gutes Jahr
    28. (burdening) auf + dat
    it's been \on my mind ich muss immer daran denken
    she had something \on her heart sie hatte etwas auf dem Herzen
    that lie has been \on his conscience diese Lüge lastete auf seinem Gewissen
    this is \on your shoulders das liegt in deiner Hand, die Verantwortung liegt bei dir
    the future of the company is \on your shoulders du hast die Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Firma
    crime is \on the increase again die Verbrechen nehmen wieder zu
    I'll be away \on a training course ich mache demnächst einen Ausbildungslehrgang
    he's out \on a date with a woman er hat gerade eine Verabredung mit einer Frau
    I was \on a long journey ich habe eine lange Reise gemacht
    we're going \on vacation in two weeks wir fahren in zwei Wochen in Urlaub
    to set sth \on fire etw anzünden
    to be \on the go BRIT ( fig) auf Trab sein
    did you know that she's got a new book \on the go? hast du gewusst, dass sie gerade ein neues Buch schreibt?
    to be \on strike streiken
    I can't improve \on my final offer dieses Angebot ist mein letztes Wort
    sales are up \on last year der Umsatz ist höher als im letzten Jahr
    to have nothing [or not have anything] \on sth kein Vergleich mit etw dat sein
    my new bike has nothing \on the one that was stolen mein neues Fahrrad ist bei Weitem nicht so gut wie das, das mir gestohlen wurde
    31. (by chance)
    ▪ \on sb ohne jds Verschulden
    she was really worried when the phone went dead \on her sie machte sich richtig Sorgen, als das Telefon ausfiel, ohne dass sie etwas getan hatte
    the fire went out \on me das Feuer ist mir einfach ausgegangen
    to chance \on sb jdn [zufällig] treffen, jdm [zufällig] begegnen
    32. after n (following)
    the government suffered defeat \on defeat die Regierung erlitt eine Niederlage nach der anderen
    wave \on wave of refugees has crossed the border immer neue Flüchtlingswellen strömten über die Grenze
    33. AUS, BRIT SPORT (having points of)
    Clive's team is \on five points while Joan's is \on seven das Team von Clive hat fünf Punkte, das von Joan hat sieben
    34.
    ▶ to be \on sth BRIT, AUS etw verdienen
    ▶ \on the board in Planung
    ▶ to have time \on one's hands noch genug Zeit haben
    ▶ to be \on it AUS ( fam) sich akk volllaufen lassen fam, sich dat die Kanne geben BRD fam
    ▶ what are you \on? ( fam) bist du noch bei Sinnen? fam
    II. adv inv
    1. (in contact with) auf
    make sure the lid's \on properly pass auf, dass der Deckel richtig zu ist
    they sewed the man's ear back \on sie haben das Ohr des Mannes wieder angenäht
    to screw sth \on etw anschrauben
    I wish you wouldn't screw the lid \on so tightly schraube den Deckel bitte nicht immer so fest
    2. (on body) an
    put a jumper \on! zieh einen Pullover drüber!
    get your shoes \on! zieh dir die Schuhe an!
    to put clothes \on Kleider anziehen [o SCHWEIZ anlegen] fam
    to have/try sth \on etw anhaben/anprobieren
    with nothing \on nackt
    3. (indicating continuance) weiter
    to get \on with sth mit etw dat weitermachen
    to keep \on doing sth etw weitermachen
    if the phone's engaged, keep \on trying! wenn besetzt ist, probier es weiter!
    \on and \on immer weiter
    the noise just went \on and \on der Lärm hörte gar nicht mehr auf
    he talked \on and \on er redete pausenlos
    4. (in forward direction) vorwärts
    would you pass it \on to Paul? würdest du es an Paul weitergeben?
    time's getting \on die Zeit vergeht
    from that day \on von diesem Tag an
    they never spoke to each other from that day \on seit diesem Tag haben sie kein Wort mehr miteinander gewechselt
    later \on später
    what are you doing later \on? was hast du nachher vor?
    to move \on (move forward) weitergehen; (transfer to another place) umziehen
    to urge sb \on jdn anspornen
    I'd never have managed this if my friend hadn't urged me \on ich hätte das nie geschafft, wenn mein Freund mich nicht dazu gedrängt hätte
    5. (being shown)
    ▪ to be \on auf dem Programm stehen
    are there any good films \on at the cinema this week? laufen in dieser Woche irgendwelche guten Filme im Kino?
    what's \on at the festival? was ist für das Festival geplant?
    there's a good film \on this afternoon heute Nachmittag kommt ein guter Film
    6. (scheduled) geplant
    is the party still \on for tomorrow? ist die Party noch für morgen geplant?
    I've got nothing \on next week ich habe nächste Woche nichts vor
    I've got a lot \on this week ich habe mir für diese Woche eine Menge vorgenommen
    7. (functioning) an
    the brakes are \on die Bremsen sind angezogen
    is the central heating \on? ist die Zentralheizung an?
    to put the kettle \on das Wasser aufsetzen
    to leave the light \on das Licht anlassen
    to switch/turn sth \on etw einschalten
    could you switch \on the radio? könntest du das Radio anmachen?
    8. (aboard)
    the horse galloped off as soon as she was \on kaum war sie aufgesessen, da galoppierte das Pferd schon los
    to get \on bus, train einsteigen; horse aufsitzen
    9. (due to perform)
    you're \on! du bist dran!
    10.
    ▪ to be \on employee Dienst haben, im Dienst sein; actor auf der Bühne stehen, spielen
    11. AM (performing well)
    ▪ to be \on gut drauf sein fam
    12.
    ▶ to be \on about sth AUS, BRIT dauernd über etw akk reden
    what are you \on about? wovon redest du denn nun schon wieder?
    he knows what he's \on about er weiß, wovon er redet
    I never understand what she's \on about ich verstehe nie, wovon sie es hat fam
    ▶ to be [or get] \on at sb jdm in den Ohren liegen
    she's still \on at me to get my hair cut sie drängt mich dauernd, mir die Haare schneiden zu lassen
    ▶ to be \on AM aufpassen
    ▶ to hang \on warten
    ▶ head \on frontal
    ▶ that's not \on BRIT, AUS ( fam) das ist nicht in Ordnung
    ▶ \on and off, off and \on hin und wieder, ab und zu
    ▶ side [or sideways] \on AUS, BRIT seitlich
    the bike hit our car side \on das Rad prallte von der Seite auf unser Auto
    ▶ to be \on to something ( fam) etw spitzgekriegt haben fam
    ▶ to be \on to sb ( fam) jds Absichten durchschauen
    ▶ this way \on AUS, BRIT auf diese Weise
    ▶ to be well \on spät sein
    ▶ to be well \on in years nicht mehr der Jüngste sein
    ▶ you're \on! einverstanden!, abgemacht! fam
    III. adj inv, attr
    1. AM (good) gut
    this seems to be one of her \on days es scheint einer von ihren guten Tagen zu sein
    2. ELEC, TECH
    \on switch Einschalter m
    * * *
    [ɒn]
    1. PREPOSITION
    When on is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg live on, lecture on, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg on the right, on request, on occasion, look up the other word.
    1) indicating place, position auf (+dat); (with vb of motion) auf (+acc); (on vertical surface, part of body) an (+dat); (with vb of motion) an (+acc)

    he hung it on the wall/nail — er hängte es an die Wand/den Nagel

    a house on the coast/main road — ein Haus am Meer/an der Hauptstraße

    he hit his head on the table/on the ground — er hat sich (dat) den Kopf am Tisch/auf dem or am Boden angeschlagen

    on TV/the radio — im Fernsehen/Radio

    2)

    = by means of, using we went on the train/bus — wir fuhren mit dem Zug/Bus

    on foot/horseback — zu Fuß/Pferd

    3) = about, concerning über (+acc)

    stars visible on clear nights — Sterne, die in klaren Nächten sichtbar sind

    5)

    = earning, getting I'm on £18,000 a year — ich bekomme £ 18.000 im Jahr

    6) = at the time of bei (+dat)

    on hearing this he left — als er das hörte, ging er

    7) = as a result of auf... (acc) hin

    he is on the committee/the board — er gehört dem Ausschuss/Vorstand an, er sitzt im Ausschuss/Vorstand

    he is on the "Evening News" — er ist bei der "Evening News"

    9)

    = doing to be on a course (Sch, Univ) — an einem Kurs teilnehmen

    10)

    = at the expense of this round is on me — diese Runde geht auf meine Kosten

    have it on me — das spendiere ich (dir), ich gebe (dir) das aus

    See:
    → house
    11) = compared with im Vergleich zu

    prices are up on last year( 's) — im Vergleich zum letzten Jahr sind die Preise gestiegen

    12)

    = taking to be on drugs/the pill — Drogen/die Pille nehmen

    13)

    indicating repetition he made mistake on mistake — er machte einen Fehler nach dem anderen

    14)

    musical instrument he played (it) on the violin/trumpet — er spielte (es) auf der Geige/Trompete

    on drums/piano — am Schlagzeug/Klavier

    Roland Kirk on tenor sax — Roland Kirk, Tenorsaxofon

    15) = according to nach (+dat)

    on your theory — Ihrer Theorie nach or zufolge, nach Ihrer Theorie

    2. ADVERB
    1)

    = in place, covering he screwed the lid on — er schraubte den Deckel drauf

    she had nothing on —

    2)

    indicating position put it this way on — stellen/legen Sie es so herum (darauf)

    3)

    indicating forward movement move on! — gehen Sie weiter!, weitergehen!

    4)

    indicating time from now on — von jetzt an

    it was well on in the night — es war zu vorgerückter Stunde, es war spät in der Nacht

    5)

    indicating continuation to keep on talking — immer weiterreden, in einem fort reden

    6)

    set structures __diams; on and on they talked on and on — sie redeten und redeten, sie redeten unentwegt

    he's always on at me — er hackt dauernd auf mir herum, er meckert dauernd an mir herum (inf)

    he's always on at me to get my hair cut — er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren, dass ich mir die Haare schneiden lassen soll

    what's he on about? —

    he knows what he's on about — er weiß, wovon er redet

    3. ADJECTIVE
    1) = switched on, functioning lights, TV, radio an; brake angezogen; electricity, gas an(gestellt)

    the "on" switch — der Einschalter

    in the "on" position —

    2) = in place lid, cover drauf

    his hat/tie was on crookedly — sein Hut saß/sein Schlips hing schief

    his hat/coat was already on — er hatte den Hut schon auf/den Mantel schon an

    3)

    = taking place there's a tennis match on at the moment — ein Tennismatch ist gerade im Gang

    what's on in London? —

    4)

    = being performed, performing to be on (in theatre, cinema) — gegeben or gezeigt werden; (on TV, radio) gesendet or gezeigt werden

    who's on tonight? (Theat, Film) — wer spielt heute Abend?, wer tritt heute Abend auf?; (TV) wer kommt heute Abend (im Fernsehen)?

    you're on now (Theat, Rad, TV) — Ihr Auftritt!, Sie sind (jetzt) dran (inf)

    tell me when the English team is on — sagen Sie mir, wenn die englische Mannschaft dran ist or drankommt

    5)

    indicating agreement, acceptability to be on (bet, agreement) — gelten

    you're on! —

    are you on? ( inf = are you with us ) —,, machst du mit?

    you're/he's not on ( Brit inf ) — das ist nicht drin (inf)

    * * *
    on [ɒn; US auch ɑn]
    A präp
    1. meist auf (dat oder akk) ( siehe die mit on verbundenen Wörter)
    2. (getragen von) auf (dat), an (dat), in (dat):
    the scar on his face die Narbe in seinem Gesicht;
    a ring on one’s finger ein Ring am Finger;
    have you got a lighter on you? haben Sie ein Feuerzeug bei sich?;
    find sth on sb etwas bei jemandem finden
    4. (Richtung, Ziel) auf (akk) … (hin), an (akk), zu:
    a blow on the chin ein Schlag ans Kinn;
    drop sth on the floor etwas auf den Fußboden oder zu Boden fallen lassen;
    hang sth on a peg etwas an einen Haken hängen
    5. fig (auf der Grundlage von) auf (akk) … (hin):
    based on facts auf Tatsachen begründet;
    live on air von (der) Luft leben;
    this car runs on petrol dieser Wagen fährt mit Benzin;
    a scholar on a foundation ein Stipendiat (einer Stiftung);
    borrow on jewels sich auf Schmuck(stücke) Geld borgen;
    a duty on silk (ein) Zoll auf Seide;
    interest on one’s capital Zinsen auf sein Kapital
    6. (aufeinanderfolgend) auf (akk), über (akk), nach:
    loss on loss Verlust auf oder über Verlust, ein Verlust nach dem andern;
    be on one’s second glass bei seinem zweiten Glas sein
    7. (gehörig) zu, (beschäftigt) bei, in (dat), an (dat):
    be on a committee (the jury, the general staff) zu einem Ausschuss (zu den Geschworenen, zum Generalstab) gehören;
    be on the “Daily Mail” bei der „Daily Mail“ (beschäftigt) sein
    8. (Zustand) in (dat), auf (dat):
    be on sth etwas (ein Medikament etc) (ständig) nehmen;
    be on pills tablettenabhängig oder -süchtig sein
    9. (gerichtet) auf (akk):
    a joke on me ein Spaß auf meine Kosten;
    shut (open) the door on sb jemandem die Tür verschließen (öffnen);
    the strain tells severely on him die Anstrengung nimmt ihn sichtlich mit;
    it’s on me umg das geht auf meine Rechnung, das zahle ich, (im Lokal auch) du bist eingeladen;
    a) jemandem nichts voraus haben,
    b) jemandem nichts anhaben können;
    have sth on sb umg eine Handhabe gegen jemanden haben, etwas Belastendes über jemanden wissen
    10. (Thema) über (akk):
    an agreement (a lecture, an opinion) on sth;
    11. (Zeitpunkt) an (dat):
    on Sunday, on the 1st of April, on April 1st;
    on or after April 1st ab oder mit Wirkung vom 1. April;
    on or before April 1st bis zum oder bis spätestens am 1. April;
    on being asked als ich etc (danach) gefragt wurde
    12. nachdem:
    on leaving school, he … nachdem er die Schule verlassen hatte, …
    13. gegenüber, im Vergleich zu:
    losses were £100,000 down on the previous year
    B adv
    place ( screw, etc) on
    a) an…:
    b) auf…:
    keep one’s hat on
    talk ( walk, etc) on;
    and so on und so weiter;
    on and on immer weiter;
    a) ab und zu,
    b) ab und an, mit Unterbrechungen;
    from that day on von dem Tage an;
    on with the show! weiter im Programm!;
    on to … auf (akk) … (hinauf oder hinaus)
    C adj präd
    a) im Gange sein (Spiel etc), vor sich gehen:
    what’s on? was ist los?;
    what’s on in London? was ist in London los?, was tut sich in London?;
    have you anything on tomorrow? haben Sie morgen etwas vor?;
    that’s not on! das ist nicht drin! umg
    b) an sein umg (Licht, Radio, Wasser etc), an-, eingeschaltet sein, laufen, auf sein umg (Hahn):
    on - off TECH An - Aus;
    the light is on das Licht brennt oder ist an(geschaltet);
    the brakes are on die Bremsen sind angezogen;
    the race is on SPORT das Rennen ist gestartet;
    you are on! abgemacht!
    c) THEAT gegeben werden (Stück), laufen (Film), ( RADIO, TV) gesendet werden (Programm)
    d) d(a)ran (an der Reihe) sein
    e) (mit) dabei sein, mitmachen
    2. be on to umg etwas spitzgekriegt haben, über jemanden od etwas im Bilde sein
    3. umg be a bit on einen Schwips haben;
    be well on ganz schön blau sein
    4. he’s always on at me umg er bearbeitet mich ständig, er liegt mir dauernd in den Ohren ( beide:
    about wegen)
    * * *
    1.
    [ɒn]preposition
    1) (position) auf (+ Dat.); (direction) auf (+ Akk.); (attached to) an (+ Dat./Akk.)

    on the bus/train — im Bus/Zug; (by bus/train) mit dem Bus/Zug

    be on the board/committee — im Vorstand/Ausschuss sein

    2) (with basis, motive, etc. of)

    on the assumption/hypothesis that... — angenommen,...

    3) in expressions of time an [einem Abend, Tag usw.]

    on [his] arrival — bei seiner Ankunft

    on entering the room... — beim Betreten des Zimmers...

    on time or schedule — pünktlich

    4) expr. state etc

    the drinks are on me — (coll.) die Getränke gehen auf mich

    be on £20,000 a year — 20 000 Pfund im Jahr kriegen od. haben

    5) (concerning, about) über (+ Akk.)
    2. adverb
    1)

    with/without a hat/coat on — mit/ohne Hut/Mantel

    boil something with/without the lid on — etwas in geschlossenem/offenem Topf kochen

    the light/radio etc. is on — das Licht/Radio usw. ist an

    what's on at the cinema? — was gibt es od. was läuft im Kino?

    come/be on — seinen Dienst antreten/Dienst haben

    7)

    something is on (feasible) /not on — etwas ist möglich/ausgeschlossen

    you're on! — (coll.): (I agree) abgemacht!; (making bet) die Wette gilt!

    be on about somebody/something — (coll.) [dauernd] über jemanden/etwas sprechen

    what is he on about? — was will er [sagen]?

    be on at/keep on and on at somebody — (coll.) jemandem in den Ohren/dauernd in den Ohren liegen (ugs.)

    on to, onto — auf (+ Akk.)

    be on to something — (have discovered something) etwas ausfindig gemacht haben. See also right 4. 4)

    * * *
    adj.
    eingeschaltet adj.
    in adj. prep.
    an präp.
    auf präp.
    bei präp.
    über präp.

    English-german dictionary > on

  • 20 formación

    f.
    1 formation, creation, constitution.
    2 formation, training, education, up-bringing.
    3 formation, line-up, order.
    * * *
    1 (gen) formation
    2 (educación) upbringing
    3 (enseñanza) education, training
    \
    en formación MILITAR in formation
    formación musical musical training
    formación profesional vocational training
    formación universitaria university education
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=creación) [gen] formation

    para prevenir la formación de hielo — to prevent ice (from) forming, to prevent the formation of ice frm

    2) (=aprendizaje) [en un campo concreto] training; [en conocimientos teóricos] education

    tenía una formación musical clásica — she trained as a classical musician, she had a classical musical training

    formación laboral, formación ocupacional — occupational training

    3) (=grupo) [político] party; [militar] group; [musical] group, band; [de jugadores] squad
    4) (Mil)

    en formación de combate — in battle o combat formation

    5) (Geol, Bot) formation
    * * *
    1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation
    2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    3) (Mil) formation
    4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training
    •
    * * *
    = formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.
    Ex. In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.
    Ex. Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex. The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.
    Ex. Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex. Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.
    Ex. The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex. All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.
    Ex. Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.
    Ex. Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    ----
    * área de formación = teaching unit.
    * beca de formación = in-service training.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.
    * curso de formación = training course.
    * curso de formación continua = continuing education course.
    * departamento de formación = teaching unit.
    * escuela de formación = training school.
    * escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.
    * formación académica = academic background, formal education.
    * formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.
    * formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.
    * formación continua del personal = staff development.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.
    * formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).
    * formación de ampollas = blistering.
    * formación de burbujas = blistering.
    * formación de grumos = caking.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formación de hielo = icing.
    * formación de la colección = collection building.
    * formación del personal = staff training, professional development.
    * formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.
    * formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.
    * formación de piquetes = picketing.
    * formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.
    * formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.
    * formación de un núcleo = nucleation.
    * formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.
    * formación documental = information education.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * formación en el mundo real = real-world training.
    * formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.
    * formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.
    * formación en enfermería = nursing education.
    * formación en informática = computer literacy.
    * formación en prácticas = in-service.
    * formación geológica = geological formation.
    * formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.
    * formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.
    * formación nubosa = cloud cover.
    * formación ocupacional = work education.
    * formación paternal = parenting education.
    * formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.
    * formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.
    * formación reglada = formal education.
    * formación requerida = job specs.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * proceso de formación = instructional process.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.
    * sin formación = ill-educated.
    * sin formación previa = untrained.
    * * *
    1) (de rocas, gobierno, palabras) formation
    2) (Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    3) (Mil) formation
    4) ( educación recibida) education; ( para trabajo) training
    •
    * * *
    = formation, instruction, training, schooling, coaching, fashioning, seasoning, grooming, upbringing.

    Ex: In 1970 she pointed to inconsistencies in the formation and arrangement of headings, the presence of useless ones, and variations in actual practice from what is thought to be practiced.

    Ex: Probably in most libraries instruction in library use and the use of information retrieval tools needs to be available in a number of different modes.
    Ex: The user must become familiar with the facilities of this search software, and therefore may need more training than that which might be necessary for the retrieval of information in a data base which has been indexed with a controlled indexing language.
    Ex: Some people with little schooling do use the library, and for valuable purposes but they are more of an exception than the rule.
    Ex: Proofreaders are trained by coaching, as are editors.
    Ex: The university is a major force in the fashioning of the constantly changing urban way of life.
    Ex: All the artists were influenced by their seasoning as commercial illustrators.
    Ex: Let's face it, personal grooming is the key to success, in business or in your social life.
    Ex: Children in modern society are faced with a ceaseless stream of new ideas, and responsibility for their upbringing has generally moved from parents to childminders and teachers.
    * área de formación = teaching unit.
    * beca de formación = in-service training.
    * bibliotecario encargado de la formación de usuarios = instruction librarian.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * conseguir una buena formación en = get + a good grounding on.
    * con una formación tecnológica digital = digitally-oriented.
    * curso de formación = training course.
    * curso de formación continua = continuing education course.
    * departamento de formación = teaching unit.
    * escuela de formación = training school.
    * escuela de formación profesional = vocational school.
    * formación académica = academic background, formal education.
    * formación básica en tecnología = technical literacy.
    * formación continua = continuing education (CE), continuous education, continuing training, continuing professional development, continuing professional education, professional development.
    * formación continuada = continuing education (CE), continuing training.
    * formación continua del personal = staff development.
    * formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.
    * formación continua en medicina = CME (Continuing Medical Education).
    * formación de ampollas = blistering.
    * formación de burbujas = blistering.
    * formación de grumos = caking.
    * formación de grupos de presión = lobbying representation.
    * formación de hielo = icing.
    * formación de la colección = collection building.
    * formación del personal = staff training, professional development.
    * formación del profesorado = teacher-training, teacher education.
    * formación de padres = parenting, parenting education.
    * formación de piquetes = picketing.
    * formación de postgrado = postgraduate education, postgraduate training.
    * formación de profesorado en prácticas = in-service teacher training.
    * formación de un núcleo = nucleation.
    * formación de usuarios = information literacy, library instruction, information skills, library user education, bibliographic instruction (BI), user education, library user training, user instruction, user training, patron instruction, reader education.
    * formación documental = information education.
    * formación en diferentes tareas = cross-training [cross training], multiskilling [multi-skilling].
    * formación en el mundo real = real-world training.
    * formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.
    * formación en el uso de la biblioteca = library literacy.
    * formación en enfermería = nursing education.
    * formación en informática = computer literacy.
    * formación en prácticas = in-service.
    * formación geológica = geological formation.
    * formación in situ = in-service training, in-service.
    * formación interna = in-service training, in-service support, in-service.
    * formación nubosa = cloud cover.
    * formación ocupacional = work education.
    * formación paternal = parenting education.
    * formación permanente = lifelong learning, lifelong education.
    * formación profesional = vocational training, professional education, professional training, further education.
    * formación reglada = formal education.
    * formación requerida = job specs.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * los que no han recibido formación específica = uninstructed, the.
    * para la formación autodidacta = self-instructional.
    * proceso de formación = instructional process.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * servirse de la formación de Uno = draw on/upon + background.
    * sin formación = ill-educated.
    * sin formación previa = untrained.

    * * *
    1 (de las rocas, nubes) formation
    2 (de un grupo, gobierno) formation
    3 (de palabras, frases) formation
    B ( Geol) (conjunto, masa) formation
    C ( Mil) formation
    formación de combate combat formation
    la formación del carácter the formation of the character
    el período de formación the training period
    tiene una buena formación literaria she has had a good literary education
    Compuesto:
    formación profesional or (CS) vocacional
    professional o vocational training
    estudiantes de formación profesional or vocacional ≈ students at technical college
    Formación Profesional - FP (↑ formación a1)
    * * *

     

    formación sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) formation;

    2 ( educación recibida) education;
    ( para trabajo) training;
    formación profesional or (CS) vocacional professional o vocational training
    formación sustantivo femenino
    1 formation
    2 (crianza) upbringing
    3 (instrucción) training
    formación profesional, vocational training, occupational training
    ' formación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    enseñanza
    - FP
    - práctica
    - preparación
    English:
    background
    - development
    - formation
    - on-the-job
    - shall
    - should
    - staff training
    - teacher-training
    - training
    - training course
    - training manual
    - vocational
    - parade
    - teacher
    - technical
    - untrained
    * * *
    1. [creación] formation;
    la formación de un gobierno the formation of a government;
    Ling
    2. [educación] training;
    la formación de los jóvenes es prioritaria para combatir el desempleo it is extremely important to train young people in order to combat unemployment;
    recibió una formación clásica he received a traditional education;
    sin formación académica with little formal education
    formación en alternancia sandwich courses;
    formación continua in-service training;
    formación de formadores training of trainers;
    formación ocupacional vocational o occupational training;
    formación pedagógica teacher training;
    formación profesional [ocupacional] = vocational o occupational training;
    [ciclo educativo] = vocationally orientated secondary education in Spain for pupils aged 14-18, currently being phased out
    3. [equipo] team;
    [alineación] line-up;
    formación política political party
    4. Mil formation;
    marchar en formación to march in formation
    5. Geol formation;
    una formación rocosa a rock formation;
    esta zona presenta formaciones calcáreas there are limestone formations in this area
    * * *
    f
    1 de palabras, asociación formation
    2 ( entrenamiento) training;
    alumno de formación profesional student doing a vocational course
    * * *
    formación nf, pl - ciones
    1) : formation
    2) : training
    formación profesional: vocational training
    * * *
    1. (proceso) formation
    2. (enseñanza) education

    Spanish-English dictionary > formación

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